Racism And Nativism - 1083 Words

1. What is nativism and xenophobia and how are they being expressed in today’s society? (20 points) - Nativism is known as a policy in which protects native born people from immigrants that are seen to be a threat or dangerous. Xenophobia is an intense fear or prejudice against people from other nations. Nativism can be seen today when thinking about politics, President Trump wants to â€Å"build a wall† to keep the immigrants from coming into the united states because in his eyes and some others, they are considered to be dangerous. Xenophobia happens every day to those who are colored, something simple like walking down the street a woman might hold onto her purse in fear she might get robbed by them or, a colored person going into a store.†¦show more content†¦4. Why has a majority in the United States harbored such a long and deep distrust of Catholics? Explain what events, persons, or characteristics served to prolong such anti-Catholic behavior into the 20th century. (10 points) - The Native Americans and the Know-Nothing promoted anti-Catholicism, the Know-No thing made it their job to diminish the growth of Catholic power. Prejudices on anti-Catholicism was shown in textbooks at schools, showing priest living a luxury life while people were living in poverty and starving. Then in 1844, Philadelphia school board decided to except the Catholic bible during bible readings. This caused an uproar with an anti-Catholicism group demanding that the use of the Catholic Bible be kept out of public schools. This caused large crowds to gather, trying to find a solution. However, the crowd became too hectic and violence broke out. After was the election of 1855, Catholic voters were attacked and destroyed Catholic property. 5. How was anti-Semitism promoted in the United States during late 1800s and through World War II? (10 points) - One of the ways anti-Semitism was promoted was through Henry Ford, since Ford was a publisher he was able to print a document stating Jewish conspiracies plotting to destroy Christian civilization and create Jewish sovereignty. Ford had such a popular audience that many believed what he had wrote. Even after he retracted his document due to forgery he continued toShow MoreRelatedNativism and Racism after the Civil War663 Words   |  3 Pagesperspective in Nativism and Racism. Both of these ideologies have various differences with definite degrees being successful during the elements of American history. Elements contained by immigrant groups or policies such as the â€Å"Jim Crow Laws† or â€Å"Ku Klux Klan† have significantly reformed patterns within America’s settlements. The term â€Å"nativism† is appealed for ethnic, religious, cultural or racial reasons. It is also referred as discrimination based on where you come from. The upsurge of nativism was causedRead MoreAnti- Immigration Attitudes in America Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesThe ideologies of racism and nativism affect people by racially driven hate crimes and the overall human treatment of immigrants and foreigners today, and must be changed by first changing the anti-immigrant attitudes in America. The social structures of politics and laws affect both immigrants and U.S. citizens alike and can only be changed by reforming America’s immigration system. Racial prejudice and nativism are still social issues that define our present reality and affect us all. EverydayRead MoreThe Effects Of Nativism1490 Words   |  6 Pagesopportunity, their American Dream? As a result of concerns such as these, the belief in Nativism became strongly held by the American people, which was commonly showcased through family values, private organizations, and federal laws. However, Nativism wasn’t universal. Advocates for Chinese immigration, such as Mark Twain and Jane Addams, supported immigrant’s attempts at Americanized living, despite criticisms. Nativism originated from the belief and fear of the economic and social repercussions of ChineseRead MoreEth/125 Week61601 Words   |  7 Pages 5. The fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners is known as a. nativism. b. xenophobia. c. ethnocentrism. d. racism. 6. The most important force causing people to emigrate has been a. war. b. political repression. c. economic. d. religion. 7. Beliefs and policies favoring native-born citizens over immigrants is called a. racism. b. ethnocentrism. c. nativism. d. absolute deprivation. 8. Border deaths along the United States-MexicoRead MoreAfrican Authors And The African Diaspora1455 Words   |  6 PagesHunger by Marechera has been used as a secondary reference. The paper presents the various reactions highlighted in the works, and then seeks to analyse and argue for possible reasons for the presented reactions, touches upon the theme of African nativism, and most importantly analyses colonial power structures that still dominate the discourse in and about Africa. The following paragraph presents some illustrations of the reactions towards the English African diaspora characterised by Aidoo’s workRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Prejudice And Prejudice804 Words   |  4 Pagesof what prejudice means, Judice translates to judge in Latin, therefore the term â€Å"prejudice† literally translates into â€Å"pre-judgment†. There are innumerable forms of negative preconceived notions that exist in our world today, the biggest one being racism, which often is a stem of having anti-immigration views. Immigration prejudice is not unknown to any person who lives in America and has eyes and ears to know it exists, but it’s important to know that prejudice is not innate, it is learned, and asRead More History of Latino/a Immigration to the U.S. Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesmyths provides a realization that it is important not to formulate polices based on preconceptions of racialized groups. Therefore, reforming immigration policies is a complex issue and must be handled properly without any racism or nativism. Creating policies based on racism or natives would only deny the equal access to opportunities for immigrants to achieve the American dream. Nativists are campaigning for tighter immigration restrictions because all of the Latino/as, particularly the MexicansRead MoreContemporary Issues Stemming From Racial Oppression787 Words   |  4 Pagesfeel adverse to diversity, and this has resulted in most of them feeling dislike for students that are different than them. 6. What racist practices was I taught in school? A. A major practice that was perpetrated within my school would be aversive racism; in which race was not discussed, and if it was would result in little or no changes to some of the racist practices. Oftentimes people within my community would look for ways to avoid talking directly about race; however would make ill-suited jokesRead MoreImmigration In The 19th Century Essay895 Words   |  4 Pagesmade up as much as 70 percent of all immigrants. This is a dramatic increase considering that in midcentury these immigrants only made up 1 percent of the immigrant population. This overhaul of new immigrants led to severe hostility, bias, and nativism. Nativism is the belief that native-born white Americans were superior to newcomers. Competition for jobs and housing had never been higher in the late 19th century. America was in an economic recession and most immigrants were willing to work for muchRead MoreRacism : African American Land And African Slave Trade900 Words   |  4 Pages Racism is a quandary that’s all too familiar in our modern society. It’s an issue that dates back thousands of years and is very much noticeable in American history. Since the domination of Native American land and African Slave Trade, we’ve come a long way, but racism still has a lingering presence and perhaps always will. The years between 1870 and 1900 began the age of segregation. The late 19th century in the US involved the increase of both nativism and racism. White supremacy lasted with traditions

Gender Roles in the 16th Century - 1909 Words

Melinda Grabowski Dr. Courtney Beggs ENGL 241:002 February 23rd, 2014 Essay 1 Gender Roles in the 16th Century: Men on the Battlefield, Women in the Kitchen One of the most fundamental themes while reading Shakespeare is the prominent reminder of women at the end of the 16th century and their roles placed under men, as women were a threat to the masculinity, and thus, power held by men. There are clear misogynistic elements in all of the works performed through Shakespeare’s plays, most predominantly appearing in The Taming of the Shrew. As quoted within texts and contexts of this play, the reader becomes aware that The Taming of the Shrew â€Å"participates in a tenacious popular tradition of depicting domestic violence as funny† (Dolan†¦show more content†¦It is interesting to make note of the factor of masculinity in this contextual material, where men are â€Å"naturally† better at some jobs than women. Contextual evidence expresses that during the 16th century, women had a small catalogue of varies duties or jobs they may participate in for money outside of the home. The text quotes, â€Å"The work av ailable to them was usually related to the kinds they did in their own houses† (207). Although women were able to depart from the confinement of their own home, their possible jobs had little to no change. In The Taming of the Shrew, the audience sees the equilibrium between a man and woman through their relationship and their gender roles placed upon them because of their society and upbringing. In order to be tamed, Kate embarks on a journey to change her shrewish qualities. She transforms herself from a loud, vicious woman to the ideal wife that her husband Petruchio desired. In Act four, the audience experiences Kate’s tamed manner in a conversation between her and Petruchio, where she tells Petruchio that whatever he believes is right, to her, it is right as well. â€Å"†¦And be it moon, or sun, or what you please; / An if you please to call it a rush candle, / Henceforth I vow it shall be so for me† (4.5.13-15). Kate had finally submerged herself into the socially accepted role of wife. She puts all of her own faith and truth that she has learned in herShow MoreRelatedTaming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare And 10 Things I Hate About You By Gil Junger1365 Words   |  6 Pagestransformation of sex roles associated with the process of societal modernisation† (Ronald Inglehart, Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around The World, 2003) Detecting the intertextual relationship between Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare and 10 Things I Hate About You by Gil Junger, has greatly enhanced and enriched my understanding of love and gender and it’s varying ideals throughout the centuries. Taming of the Shrew depicts the quintessential features of a 16th century marriageRead MoreEssay on Gender Stereotypes in the Merchant of Venice884 Words   |  4 PagesThemes in the Merchant of Venice Gender stereotypes are not a modern notion and as such expectations and limitations have always existed for both men and women. Fortunately women, who have formerly beared great burdens of discrimination, now have very liberated roles in society as a result of slowly shifting attitudes and values. Shakespeare was integral in challenging the subservient role expected of women in the 16th century. Throughout the play, ‘The Merchant of Venice’, women are expressed asRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew And 10 Things I Hate About You Directed By Gil Junger1365 Words   |  6 Pagesof anxiety was focused on adolescent girls, following publication of reports which found that the education of adolescent girls was marginalized. In the 16th century, it may have been a historical fact that Eve was created from Adam’s rib, thus the socially accepted system of patriarchy. The Taming of The Shrew promotes typical 16th century attitudes towards matrimony and relations between fathers and daughters. Baptista, Katherine’s father, treats marriage as a transaction, where his daughtersRead MoreWomen in The 16th Century Essay1082 Words   |  5 Pagesintelligence, strength, and character was so persuasive that for men like Knox, a woman ruler was almost a contradiction in terms† (â€Å"Documents for Chapters 56†). In the 16th century, women were looked upon as a gender that should stay in the house and work, not have power and rule over a country. Discussing the govern of Queens during the 16th century, such as Mary Tudor, Lady Jane Grey, Mary, Queen of Scots, and Elizabeth I, allowed prejudices to be lessened but never completely be erased. No matter how theseRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shre w And Gil Junger s Film, Nineteen Things I Hate About You1193 Words   |  5 Pageseconomic agreement as well as the structured roles played by men and women that were prevalent in the 16th century and how gender affected the way a person can be viewed and courted in the same time period. This is contrasted by Gil Junger’s 1999 appropriation, Ten Things I Hate About You, in which modern teenage life and relationships are explored, touching on these same issues in relation to gender roles in a modern context. In this essay I will compare the roles of men and women in each text, as wellRead MoreRomeo and Juliet Gender Roles1251 Words   |  6 PagesGender Roles in Romeo and Juliet In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, Juliet resorts to conniving and shrewd ways in order to control her destiny and free herself from her confined existence. Contrary to the critics who view Juliet as innocent, childish and immature, Juliet’s habits of manipulating people–particularly the men in her life, expressly Romeo–through simulating maleness implies a parallel between the approaches falconers (mostly males) use to train their falcons (mostly females)Read MoreGender Essentialism : Katherine s Transformation1735 Words   |  7 PagesGender Essentialism: Katherine s Transformation in William Shakespeare s Taming Of The Shrew Feminist and cultural historians have convincingly demonstrated that rebellious women were a concern for englishmen during the late sixteenth centuries (Detmer 273). The idea of â€Å"taming† a women is one that men can find useful, though women can also benefit from. Katherine cynically conforms to expectation, and in doing so displays how The Taming of the Shrew is a critique on gender essentialism. TheRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew William Shakespeare’s romantic comedy, The Taming of1100 Words   |  5 Pagesthe freedom of the individuals intellect through acceptance and celebration. This emphasis on â€Å"individualism† however, did not proceed to influence the highly sexist views of the time, which had transgressed from previous centuries and continued through to later centuries. Gender inequality was prevalent, with brides (and females in general) being viewed as merely commodities. Loyalty is presented as an essential quality for all â€Å"proper women† and male attitudes towards women are explored throughRead MoreWhy Has Utopian Literature Remained Popular Essay856 Words   |  4 PagesThis ability to reformulate itself has created a way for authors to explore and investigate ideologies and protests whilst keeping the issues contextual to the time. More has done this extremely well, establishing the genre at the beginning of the 16th century, in his novella Utopia. By using Rafael as the narrator he successfully presents his alternative of a communistic style state where everyone is equal, whilst keeping him safe; also convincing them that it was a non-fiction text and as a resultRead MorePower, Race and Women in Othello by Shakespear and Sax1443 Words   |  6 Pagespeople over there to work and die as slaves on your plantations,† which portrays his perception of himself as an outsider. Gender: Shakespeare and Sax echoes and challenges the adherence to patriarchal rules and stereotypes within two contexts. Shakespeare †¢ Shakespeare demonstrates ideas in relation to female virtue and the subordinate position of women in the 16th century. †¢ With little autonomy, women were treated as possessions of men. This is evident in the way Brabantio describes the

Relationship Management for Business Scenario- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theRelationship Management for Business Scenario. Answer: Introduction For the contemporary business organizations, managing the employees is one of the prime factors that should be considered in gaining competitive advantages in the market. This is due to the fact that, the individual skills and expertise being possessed by the employees are important for the organizations (van Scheers and Botha 2014). However, there are various aspects of managing the employees in the organization. One of the most effective measures is providing training to the employees in enhancing their effectiveness and productivity. In the present business scenario, employee training especially the soft skill training is important for the hospitality industries due to the reason that they are the ones, who directly deal with the end customers. Qantas is one of the most prominent and leading airliners in Australia as well as in the global scenario (Qantas.com 2017). They have one of the largest portfolios of fleets operating around the world. However, being an airliner, they have to deal directly with their customers and level and standard of the customer service is one of the key determining factors in attracting the customers. Thus, soft skill training is having immense importance for them in equipping their employees to effectively and positivity deal with the customers. This report will discuss about the importance and benefits of soft skill training for Qantas. Moreover, the various internal and external factors will also be discussed in influencing the training effectiveness and identification of the gaps. In addition, detailed logistics for training will also be discussed. Benefits from investing in soft skill training Qantas will have various benefits if they will invest more in providing soft skill training for their employees (Rao 2014). The following sections will discuss about the various benefits of soft skill training. One of the key benefits that Qantas will gather from initiation of soft skill training for the employees is the building of internal relationship in the organization (Fritz 2014). Providing of soft skill training to the employees will help them to have the knowledge of effective communication skill to connect with the customers. The customers will be more satisfied if they are being communicated positively. Thus, the customers satisfaction level and customer loyalty will get enhanced. The more will be the effective soft skill training for the employees, the more will be the sales. This is due to the due to the fact that, customers will more likely to opt for Qantas if they receive effective and positive service (Wilson et al. 2012). Thus, the soft skill of the employees will act as competitive advantages for the organization. In the contemporary business scenario, positive word of mouth caused huge implications for the business organizations. There are many cases being happened that sharing of some sort of information in the social media by the employees caused negative word of mouth for the organization (Cheung and Thadani 2012). Thus, in order to prevent these types of issues, Qantas should invest in the soft skill training for the employees. This will help the employees to have the awareness about the aspects that should be considered during sharing any information in the social media. Initiation of soft skill training for the employees will also increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the employees (Karim, Huda and Khan 2012). This is due to the fact that soft skill training for the employees will help to enable them having the quality of planning and organizing in the organization. Thus, with the help of soft skill training, they will be more equipped to organize their jobs in the organization. It will help Qantas to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of their employees. Communication skill will also be enhanced for the employees. There are various employees who are introvert in nature and feel shy in dealing with the customers. however, the sector where Qantas is operating is heavily dependent on the communication skill of the employees. They have to be extrovert and should be able to communicate with the customers effectively (Sigmar, Hynes and Hill 2012). In this case, soft skill training will play an important role. This will help the employees to overcome the issue of being introvert and they will be well trained and equipped to communicate with the customers effectively. The more effective will be the communication between the customers and the employees, the more business profit will there for Qantas. Determining factors in initiation of training There are various factors, which determine the effectiveness of training for the organizations. External and internal factors are there, which determines the effectiveness of the training. The following sections will discuss about the external and internal factors. External factors Business scenario is rapidly changing and thus, organizations may face difficulty in providing the training to the employees according to the current market scenario. Organizations such as Qantas have to periodically determine the customer taste and preference pattern and what they are expecting from the airliner and accordingly they train their employees. Thus, the training for them should always in accordance to the requirement of the market to meet the current market requirement. Cultural diversity in the workforce also determines the effectiveness of training programs in the organizations (Bellini et al. 2013). This is due to the reason that, organization such as Qantas is having culturally diverse workforce and thus it may pose challenge for them to train the employees according to diversified perspectives. Employees from different cultural groups will have different perspectives and approaches. Thus, it is difficult to convey the same and similar message to all the employees. Qantas is operating around the world and thus they are having employees from around the world and different diverse social backgrounds. Thus, in this case, they have to initiate separate training programs to train the employees from different cultural backgrounds (Bezrukova, Jehn and Spell 2012). As discussed earlier, Qantas operates in different countries around the world and the requirement and preference pattern of the market around the world is also different. Thus, the training should also be given to the employees according to the different need and requirement of the customers. Different types of soft skills are required for the employees to deal with the customers from different regions. Internal factors The purpose of the soft skill training should be adhered to the organizational objectives. This is due to the reason that, the key motive of providing the training to the employees is to effectively meets the organizational objectives. Thus, one of the key internal factors for initiation of the training is to align the training objective with the organizational objective. Resources also are one of the key internal factors for the initiation of the training purpose. In implementing the training program for the employees, it is important for Qantas to effectively allocate the required resources such as fund, appoint of suitable trainer and other required infrastructures (Phillips and Phillips 2016). The more suitable and effective will be the available resources for the training purpose, the more favorable will be the outcome of the training. Quality and expertise of the trainer will also have implications for the training program. This is due to the reason that, the more expertise the trainer will have in the particular subject, the more effective will the providence of the training to the trainees. Thus, it is important for the organizations to determine the expertise required for the training purpose and accordingly select the right trainer. Identification of the training gap One of the key training gaps that may emerge in the training program is the language and communication barrier. In certain cases, resources are being effectively provided by the organization for the training purpose and expertise trainer is being appointed to look after the training programs. However, the language and the style of communication being involved by the trainer may cause difficulty for the trainees (Sigmar, Hynes and Hill 2012). In this case, the key motive of the training program will get diluted. Thus, communication and language should be involved in such a way that the objectives of training program will be clearly communicated to the employees. Value creation by soft skill training As discussed earlier, soft skill training is very much important for the value creation for the organization. This is due to the reason that, the efficiency and effectiveness of the employees will get increased. The customers for Qantas are mainly the air travelers and thus, the employees of them should have the expertise to deal with the travelers and effectively meet the requirement of them. With the help of soft skill training, the employees will be trained and equipped with the expertise required to deal with the travelers (Ji et al. 2012). Soft skill will help the employees to possess positive behavior to the employees, which will increase the value of the services provided by them. Thus, the investment being made by Qantas in enhancing the soft skill training for the employees, will have positive outcome by having increase in sales, revenue, and customer satisfaction. Stakeholders involved in the training process Training is of various types and is meant for different types of stakeholders. Induction training is being designed for the newly appointed employees. The key motive of this training program is to increase the comfort level of the new employees in the organizations. They are being trained in adhering them with the organizational policies, rules and regulations. On the job training is being designed for the existing and old employees (Saks and Burke 2012). This training is being given to align them with the current trend in the market. Safety training is being given to all the employees including the senior management in order to adhere them with the safety rules and regulations of the organization. Leadership training is being given to the supervisors and the senior managers to make them equipped regarding the effective management skills. This training is being given in order to enhance the effectiveness of the managers in the organization. Logistics of training Logistics of training include different aspects or steps. The first step is the determination of attendees. It includes determining who are the audience, what are their needs, their personal requirements. The next step is the agenda. This includes determine the goal or objective of the training (Hays and Singer 2012). The third step is the access. This includes communicating the login details with the attendees. The next step is the facilities, where the training is going to happen. This includes selection of the venue and the alignment of the venue with the training purpose. The last step is the determining the resources required for the training. This includes projectors, printers and other material required for the training. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that investment in initiation of the soft skill training by Qantas will have positive outcome for them due to the fact that it will increase the efficiency of the employees. The discussion above in this report helped to understand the requirement and factors that determine the effectiveness of the training program. Moreover, the logistics required for the training purpose have also been discussed in this report. Reference Bellini, E., Ottaviano, G.I., Pinelli, D. and Prarolo, G., 2013. Cultural diversity and economic performance: evidence from European regions. InGeography, institutions and regional economic performance(pp. 121-141). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Bezrukova, K., Jehn, K.A. and Spell, C.S., 2012. Reviewing diversity training: Where we have been and where we should go.Academy of Management Learning Education,11(2), pp.207-227. Cheung, C.M. and Thadani, D.R., 2012. The impact of electronic word-of-mouth communication: A literature analysis and integrative model.Decision support systems,54(1), pp.461-470. Fritz, J.H., 2014. Researching workplace relationships: What can we learn from qualitative organizational studies?.Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,31(4), pp.460-466. Hays, R.T. and Singer, M.J., 2012.Simulation fidelity in training system design: Bridging the gap between reality and training. Springer Science Business Media. Ji, L., Huang, J., Liu, Z., Zhu, H. and Cai, Z., 2012. The effects of employee training on the relationship between environmental attitude and firms' performance in sustainable development.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(14), pp.2995-3008. Karim, M.R., Huda, K.N. and Khan, R.S., 2012. Significance of training and post training evaluation for employee effectiveness: An empirical study on Sainsburys Supermarket Ltd, UK.International Journal of Business and Management,7(18), p.141. Phillips, J.J. and Phillips, P.P., 2016.Handbook of training evaluation and measurement methods. Qantas.com. (2017).Our Company | Qantas. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/company/global/en [Accessed 18 Oct. 2017]. Rao, M.S., 2014. Enhancing employability in engineering and management students through soft skills.Industrial and Commercial Training,46(1), pp.42-48. Saks, A.M. and Burke, L.A., 2012. An investigation into the relationship between training evaluation and the transfer of training.International Journal of Training and Development,16(2), pp.118-127. Sigmar, L.S., Hynes, G.E. and Hill, K.L., 2012. Strategies for teaching social and emotional intelligence in business communication.Business Communication Quarterly,75(3), pp.301-317. van Scheers, L. and Botha, J., 2014. Analysing relationship between employee job satisfaction and motivation.Journal of Business and Retail Management Research,9(1). Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V.A., Bitner, M.J. and Gremler, D.D., 2012.Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.

Princess Diana Essays (521 words) - Diana, Princess Of Wales

Princess Diana Diana Frances Spencer was born July 1, 1961 at Park House, the home her parents rented on the the English royal family's estate at Sandringham. As a child she occasionally played with Prince Andrew and Prince Edward, who were near her in age. Diana had two older sisters, Sarah and Jane, and a younger brother, Charles. When Diana was six, her mother left her father. The Spencers divorced in 1969, and Diana's father received custody of the children. In 1975 Diana's father became the eighth Earl Spencer, making Diana a Lady. Diana and her siblings moved to Althorp, the Spencer family estate in Northampton. Diana attended private boarding schools. Although she wasn't an especially good student, she was excelled at sports, and won trophies for her swimming. She dreamed of being a ballerina, but grew too tall (as an adult she was 5'10"). After leaving school in 1978 she worked as a nanny, waitress, and cleaning woman before becoming a teacher at the Young England kindergarten in Pimlico, London. Her romance with the Prince of Wales began in 1980. He was twelve years older than Diana, and had previously dated her sister Sarah. Almost from the start, the press took a special interest in "Lady Di." They staked out her apartment and followed her everwhere. Diana later said that she found the constant attention unbearable. Diana and Charles were married July 29, 1981 at St Paul's Cathedral. The wedding was broadcast in 74 countries and watched by 750 million people worldwide. Diana was the first English woman to marry an heir to England's throne in over 300 years. At the ceremony the Archbishop of Canterbury said,"Here is the stuff of which fairy tales are made." But the fairy tale was an illusion, as Diana had already discovered. Prince Charles was still in love with an old girlfriend, Camilla Parker-Bowles. "There were three of us in this marriage, so it was a bit crowded," Princess Diana remarked years later. Distraught, Diana developed bulimia and attempted suicide. Despite her problems, she was a devoted mother to her two sons, Prince William and Prince Harry. She worked tirelessly for charity, and was beloved by the public for her warmth and humanity. In 1992 Princess Diana decided to expose the truth about her relationship with Prince Charles to the public. She secretly collaborated with author Andrew Morton on his book Diana, Her True Story. The princess's direct involvement in the writing of the book was not revealed to the public until after her death. The separation of the Prince and Princess of Wales was announced on December 9, 1992. The divorce became official August 28, 1996. Princess Diana kept the title Princess of Wales and continued to work for her favorite charities. She and Prince Charles had joint custody of their sons. In 1997 Princess Diana fell in love with Emad "Dodi" Fayed, the son of billionaire businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed. Their romance ended abruptly on August 31, 1997 when both were killed in a car accident in Paris while fleeing from paparazzi. Princess Diana's sudden death led to an unprecedented worldwide outpouring of grief and love. As her brother said at her funeral, she was "the unique, the complex, the extraordinary and irreplacable Diana, whose beauty, both internal and external, will never be extinguished from our minds."

American Torture Techniques Against Detainees

American Torture Techniques Against Detainees The U.S. government has been accused of using torture-lite or moderate physical pressure against detainees, persons held in custody for political reasons, typically because they pose a distinct threat to the U.S. or possess information crucial to American security. In practical terms, what does this mean? Palestinian Hanging This form of torture is sometimes  referred to as Palestinian hanging due to its use by the Israeli government against Palestinians. It involves binding the prisoners hands behind his back. After fatigue sets in, the prisoner will inevitably fall forward, putting full body weight on his shoulders and impairing breathing. If the prisoner is not released,  death by crucifixion  may eventually result. Such was the fate of U.S. prisoner  Manadel al-Jamadi  in 2003. Psychological Torture The number one criterion for torture-lite is that it must leave no physical marks. Whether U.S. officials are threatening to execute a prisoners family or falsely claiming that the leader of his terror cell is dead, a steady diet of misinformation and threats can be effective.   Sensory Deprivation Its remarkably easy for prisoners to lose track of time when theyre locked up in cells. Sensory deprivation involves removing all noise and light sources as well. Guantanamo prisoners  were additionally bound, blindfolded and wore earmuffs. Whether prisoners subjected to long-term sensory deprivation can still tell fiction from reality is a matter of some debate.   Starvation and Thirst Maslows hierarchy of needs identifies basic physical needs as the most fundamental, more so than religion, political ideology or community. A prisoner may be given just enough food and water to survive. It may take as long as a week before he appears physically thinner, but his life will come to revolve around a quest for food and he may be more inclined to divulge information in exchange for food and water.   Sleep Deprivation Studies have shown that missing a nights sleep temporarily drains 10 points from a persons IQ. Consistent sleep deprivation  through harassment, exposure to bright lights and exposure to loud, jarring music and recordings can drastically impair judgment and wear down resolve.   Waterboarding Water torture is one of the oldest and most common forms of torture. It arrived in the U.S. with the first colonists and has cropped up many times since then. Waterboarding  is its latest incarnation. It  involves  a prisoner being strapped down to a board then dunked in water. Hes brought back to the surface and the process is then repeated until his interrogator secures the information being sought.   Forced Standing Most common in the 1920s, forced standing involves prisoners standing in place, often overnight. In some cases, the prisoner may face a wall, standing with his arms extended and his  fingertips touching it.   Sweatboxes Sometimes referred to as a hot box or simply as the box, the prisoner is locked up in a small, hot room which, due to lack of ventilation, essentially functions as an oven. The prisoner is released when he cooperates. Long used as a form of torture in the U.S., it is particularly effective in the arid Middle East. Sexual Assault  and Humiliation Various forms of sexual assault and humiliation documented in U.S. prison camps  as forms of torture include forced nudity, forcible smearing of menstrual blood on prisoners faces, forced lap dances, forced transvestitism and forced homosexual acts on other prisoners.

Short History of Kwanzaa

Short History of Kwanzaa Free Online Research Papers In this short essay I am going to discuss the history of Kwanzaa. I am going to briefly discuss how Kwanzaa came about, and how it is traditionally practiced. Kwanzaa is a non-religious African American holiday that emphasizes family, culture, and community. In 1966 Dr. Maulana Karenga, a professor of African American Studies, at the University of California, Long Beach, wanted to find a way to bring African Americans together as a community. He started to research traditional African harvest celebrations, particularly Karenga. Karenga combines harvest celebrations from several different tribes, such as those from the Ashanti and Zulu tribe. The name Kwanzaa is taken from the Swahili phrase â€Å"matunda ya kwanza,† which means first fruits. Kwanzaa is celebrated over the seven days between Christmas and New Years. While every family celebrates Kwanzaa a little bit differently, most partake in traditional dances, music, literature and a large traditionally African meal. At the end of each of the seven nights a child lights a candle on the Kinara, a candle stick that holds seven candles, while the family discusses one of the Nguzo Saba’s. Nguzo Saba means seven principles in Swahili. The seven principles are unity, self-determination, responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity, and faith. The center candle is the only black candle and is lit the first night; it represents unity which is part of the main basis that Kwanzaa is built on. Kwanzaa is a very important part of African Americans embracing their culture and a way to bring the community together in celebration of their roots. Research Papers on Short History of KwanzaaBringing Democracy to AfricaHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West Meet

A thing or place that effect you and change your life Essay

A thing or place that effect you and change your life - Essay Example This allowed me to understand how life shaped up and what I needed to do in order to learn more new things and find remedies to problems which came up all of a sudden, and without many warning signs. Learning a new language was always exciting to me because I believed that with a little effort, I could master a dictum which was not my own. This indeed was the motivating force behind my acquisition of a new language within school at Canada. Work was no doubt fun but getting back to school after a while gave me immense reasons to smile once again. It made me feel like I was someone younger to my age, and allowed me to experience the joy of learning things yet again. It seldom happens that a grown up gets to feel the thrills of being back at school, and I can safely and proudly say that I have had such an experience ever since I joined school again. Just the feeling that I can be counted amongst the students who will learn something novel and unique was enough to tell me that I had made the right decision by re-joining school within Canada. It made me feel privileged more than anything else. What this did was to change my life for the better and that too in a quantifiable way. It made me feel at ease with the changing norms of the time and allowed me to get acquainted with how I can enrich my life time and time again. The people around me also supported the fact that I have made the right decision and this shall facilitate me in future realms which remain very quintessential for me undoubtedly. Also I found out that the teachers present in the school assisted me without any concerns whatsoever. They made me feel at ease with what was being taught and I felt at home with what I was learning all this while. In the end, I would fathom that this was indeed one of the best lessons that I had from life up till now. It allowed me to understand life’s different

Use Of Force Managemnt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Use Of Force Managemnt - Essay Example The U.S. Department of Justice, through its Community Oriented Policing Services, indicated that the use of force was a natural reaction in response to cases requiring apprehension of suspected criminals to protect one lives and that of others. Likewise, it was indicated in a published report by COPS that there was actually no clear and concise definition of the use of force but the accepted meaning was sourced from â€Å"the  International Association of Chiefs of Police  (IACP) in its study,  Police Use of Force in America 2001, defined use of force as "The amount of effort required by police to compel compliance by an unwilling subject.†" (U.S. DOJ: COPS, 2010). In this regard, the research aims to proffer issues on the use of force, specifically focusing on police brutality by identifying the problem, accountability, enhanced police accountability, accreditation and risk management, among others. A recommendation from the issues discussed would be presented prior to concluding remarks. Due to the critical position, tasks and responsibilities accorded to private security officers, there have been several documented instances of abuse of their authority. As such â€Å"most of these crimes fall into five broad areas: excessive force, sexual assaults, false arrest and fabrication of evidence, deprivation of property, and failure to keep from harm.† (FBI: Color of Law Abuses, 2010, par. 4). When the use of force becomes excessive and unreasonable, police brutality ensues, thereby posing dangers to the victims in terms of violations of human rights and even the possibility of grave injuries and death. According to David Mangan in his written article entitled Police Brutality: The Use of Excessive Force published as a Drury University paper, the use of excessive force tantamount to manifesting a form of police brutality is actually a criminal act constituting

The Tryals of Joseph Dawson, Edward Forseith, William May, [brace] Essay

The Tryals of Joseph Dawson, Edward Forseith, William May, [brace] William Bishop, James Lewis, and John Sparkes for several piracies and robberies by them committed - Essay Example 3-7). On the other hand, the witnesses for the kings were sworn in whereby, the Grand Jury withdrew and returned back afterwards and the case proceeds (Dawson, p.3-5). Five men were found guilty namely John sparks, William Bishop, William May, Edward Forseith, James Lewis. This is because the five men participated directly or indirect in piracy crime (Dawson, p. 24-26).On the other hand, Joseph Dawson was considered innocent because he was not on board unlike other culprits who witnessed the crime and decided to remain quite(Dawson, p. 24-26). Additionally, the judges considered group involvement to commit a felony as complicity whereby, a syndicate or a group of gang located in different locations whether on the sea or in the land corporate to commit a felony (Dawson, p. 23-27). The result of poor circumstance may be attributed to lack of a comprehensive structure that defines the rimes of piracy crime (Dawson, p. 24-26). In above connection, judge Charles Hedge an expert in law defined crime of piracy as robbery of the sea whereby, sea bandits hijacked captains, ships and cargo on board and take cargo and money. This crime may include all crimes but not limited to those committed on air, land, internet and water bodies (Dawson, p. 18-25). Additionally, crime of piracy may involve unlawful acts or attempts to steal from pirates both from the water bodies and even out side the sea (Dawson, p. 18-25). On the other hand, defense attorney asserted that their clients did not commit any acts of piracy because they did not forcefully rob or removed any thing of value from the ship. Therefore, their acts were not within the scope of piracy crime as defined by the judge (Dawson, p. 22-24). Additionally, future lawyers should focus on the actual structure and organization of a pirate trial. This is because, the structures in this case were not specific and therefore, those who were guilty went unpunished. This could have been prevented if there was specific

Risperidone for Methamphetamine Induced Psychotic Disorder

Risperidone for Methamphetamine Induced Psychotic Disorder On the efficacy of risperidone for the treatment of methamphetamine induced psychotic disorder, a dose ranging study Induced psychosis, diagnosis and treatment Worldwide growing methamphetamine abuse is one of the most serious health problems with several different consequences for victims, especially in developing countries. Chronic methamphetamine abuse is associated with several psychiatric problems in all countries which are faced to epidemic methamphetamine abuse. Methamphetamine induced psychosis (MIP) is a major medical challenge for clinical practitioner from both diagnostic and therapeutic viewpoints. Stimulant psychosis commonly occurs in people who abuse stimulants, but it also occurs in some patients taking therapeutic doses of stimulant drugs under medical supervision. The main characteristic of meth psychosis is the presence of prominent hallucinations and delusions. Other drugs, such as cocaine and marijuana, can trigger the onset of psychosis in someone who is already at increased risk because they have vulnerability. The current literature review attends to explain several aspects of MIP, including epidemiologically, clinically and investigators proposed pharmacologically treatment based on recently published data. Introduction Amphetamine and methamphetamine have the most substances for abuse among the synthetic psychostimulant across the world1. The overall the prevalence of methamphetamine users (excluding amphetamine users) ranges from 10.5 to 28.5 million people worldwide (0.2% to 0.6% of adults between 15 to 64 years old)2. Accompanied to amphetamine these synthetic psychostimulants are ranked as the 2nd abuser illicit drugs after cannabis as the 1st and before cocaine and opiates1. Many consequences follow methamphetamine abusers including medical, psychiatric, cognitive, legal and socioeconomic problems. It is unclear why methamphetamine abusers are more involved with legal consequences than all other illicit drug abusers3. It might be due to more psychotic symptoms induced by these psychostimulant drugs, or flaring of symptoms in a subtle or stable schizophrenia which could be exacerbated by methamphetamine4. It has been well known that such drugs are able to produce psychotic symptoms in persons with no history of previous psychiatric disorders.5,6 Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of MIP There are other substances able to produce psychosis including cocaine, cannabis, alcohol, hallucinogens, heroin and sedatives7.There will be a diagnostic challenge to meet a net diagnosis for drug-induced psychosis, if the clinical practitioner cannot establish the presence of psychotic symptoms before initiating drug abuse. In a survey, among 400 cases who admitted in different psychiatric emergency departments for their psychotic symptoms, 44% received a substance-induced psychosis diagnosis and 56% were diagnosed essential psychosis8. According to DSM-IV criteria, diagnosis of primary psychosis is usually after at least 4 weeks with persisting symptoms without heavy substance use. In addition to the previous history of substance abuse, other factors lead to drug-induced psychosis including parental substance abuse, dependency to drug (rather than occasional abuse) and visual hallucination. Lower positive and negative syndrome scale with th positive history of drug abuse put in fa vor of drug-induced psychosis, as well as more consciousness to psychotic symptoms and more tendency to suicidal thoughts are another feature of drug-induced psychosis. Generally, reported psychotic symptoms due to MethAmphetamine(MA) abuse, from USA, Japan, Taiwan, Australia and Iran are the same as each other including (as studied by Fasihpour et al) persecutory delusions (82%), auditory hallucination (70.3%), reference delusion (57.7%), visual hallucination (44.1%), grandiosity delusion (39.6%) and jealousy delusion (26.1%)9. Although certain risk factors could not be extracted among documented literature and many conducted studies by different authors in involved countries have been reported more common factors include: 1. Pyschosis induction is largely dose-dependent than duration-dependent5,10,11 2. Positive family history of psychotic symptoms especially in first degree relatives5. Interestingly protracted and more resistant psychosis was occurred in abuser persons, whose one of their first degree relatives has been involved by schizophrenia12.3. Presence of premorbidity in abuser subjects, such as schizoid/schizotypal personality traits, alcohol dependency, antisocial personality disorders and major depression, all can be psychosis induced by methamphetamine5. 4. History of sexual abuse experience, recent higher occasion of MethAmphetamine(MA) abuse plus another illicit substance13. 5. Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) may be associated frequently with psychosis reports14. 6. Hi gher serum level of methamphetamine and amphetamine are associated with more profound psychotic symptoms4. The route of consumption (oral, smoking, injection) was not a significant factor in Mc Keit et al study6. But according to Matsumoto et al. smoker abuser show more quickly acute psychotic symptoms than who use the injection, because smokers have poor control on MA consumption. In addition psychotic syndromes in injection abusers require more medical care to respond to treatment15. Other personal characteristics such as age at which abuse is started, education, IQ, and duration of methamphetamine use were not associated significantly with risk of psychosis developing among abusers8. Female preponderance for undergoing psychotic symptoms was established among participant persons in the study of Mahoney and his coleagues16. It is noticeable to mention that the results of studies on MIP characteristics are somewhat inconsistent because of different cultural population, different accuracy in methods of studies and so on. But they provide a general opinion for further investigations and more accurate and localized studies. Sign and symptoms of MIP Reported psychotic symptoms among several different studies performed in Japan17, Taiwan5, Australia6, Tailand18 and Iran9 all are unanimous in obtained results. The most common features include persecutory delusion and auditory hallucination followed by delusion of reference, visual hallucination and thought broadcasting. MIP is initiated with excitation and increased focusing or concentration states, following by prepsychotic states and delusions which may subsequently progress to overt psychosis with positive symptoms10. The onset of first psychotic episode from the first occasion of methamphetamine consumption ranges from 1.7 years in smoker abusers to 4.4 years in injectioners19 and or 5.2 years without considering route of abuse10. Individuals with intense eagerness20, injection of methamphetamine and methamphetamine abusers are at higher risk for experiencing more severe psychosis21. Although MIP usually have short courses duration but longer and persistent episodes of psychos is have been reported even after discontinuation of drug abuse and in abstinence period17. As protracted MIP frequently occurred in many studies, it remains unclear whether methamphetamine can produce a chronic psychotic disorder or methamphetamine has uncovered a psychotic disorder in a patient with psychotic background5. The risk factors for developing long lasting MIP include positive family history of first degree relative involved to schizophrenia, premorbidity with a personality disorder specially schizoid/schizotypal form, a former neurological disorder like ADHD, head injury and learning disability2. During the abstinent period, MIP relapse might occur in a previously undergone short MIP, as well as any stressor like insomnia and severe alcohol intake.10,23,24 Methamphetamine and not stress induced MIP relapse occur with a likelihood of 60% to 80% in less than 1week to 1 month respectively, after re-exposure to MA8. A history of more than 2 years MA abuse makes the person susceptible for spontaneous relapse of psychosis without any methamphetamine reabusing for years.10 MIP Treatment pharmacological approaches Although no medical agent(s) are approved as therapeutic drug for MIP yet, due to a few numbers of pharmacological evaluations which have been proformed for finding a suitable choice in recent years. According to bio-molecular neurotransmitters influenced by MA, several pharmacologic agents are proposed for treating MA with clinical implications such as dependency and MIP. In this review a brief will run to introduce involved pharmacological groups separately. Dopaminergic agents Modafinil is a dopaminergic agonist approved essentially for sleep disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea and idiopathic hypersomnia. Modafinil may increase efficacy of cognitive behavioral treatments and decrease craving in methamphetamine dependency25. It may have beneficial effect in schizophrenia and thereby in MIP.26,27 Bupropion, a re-uptake inhibitor of dopamine has demonstrated its effect as decreasing methamphetamine use specially in low to moderated dependency.28,29,30 Methylphenidate (Ritaline) and Dextroamphethamine (d-amphethamine) both increase releasing of dopamine in synaptic cleft and have high capacity to be abused. They show strong efficacy in studies to stop or reduce MA abuse in even deep dependency.31-34 Although the above quoted drugs have not revealed any direct effect for MIP, but it seems that appetite decreasing for MA use occur by these drugs, which can be indirectly effective for managing MIP as well. Aripiperazole, a dopamine D2-receptore partial agonist and a second generation antidepressant is proposed for MethAmphetamine(MA) dependency and MIP. In a study driven by Sulaiman et al. Aripiperazole was effective for diminishing the severity of psychosis resulted from methamphetamine, but it was failed to increase abstinence duration.35 In another study, Farnia et al. compared the efficacy of aripiperazole versus risperidone in MIP cases, in a double blind randomised control trial. After six weeks trial with aripiperazole 15mg/day or risperidone 4mg/day, they concluded that both drugs are able to significantly decrease the MIP severity, however rispridone causes showed more reduction on positive symptoms while aripiperazole was more effective on negative symptoms.36 The ability of antipsychotics like aripiperazole and haloperidol in suppressing the dopamine releasing in amygdala of animal experiments which caused marked reduction in behavioral sensitivity following MA exposure, may explain its benefits on MIP.37 In another animal model study, it was shown by Futamara et al. that aripiperazole can diminish behavioral sensitization through acting on 5-HT1A receptor.38 Risperidone is evaluated solely for its ability to prolong abstinent period in 4 weeks administration of 3.6mg/day in an open-label trying. Results demonstrate a decrease in meth consumption in abusers.39 Two separate case reports have considered the dramatic response of MIP to risperidone therapy.40,41 Despite safety applications of classic antipsychotics Hatzipetros et al. warned about an unknown toxic effect of conventional antipsychotics like administrating the haloperidol to GABAergic cells in subchronic treatment of MIP might lead to hyperkinetic movement disorder and convulsion42. Other antipsychotics like quetiapine and olanzepine were applied successfully for drug– induced psychosis.43,44 GABAergic agents Several different GABA agents like baclofen45,gabapantine45,46, vigabatrine47,48, topiramate49 and benzodiazepines were proposed for treatment of MA dependency and associated psychosis based on their effects on decreasing the dopamine transmission in mesolymbic system by which reinforcing effects of MA is reduced.50,51 But ,actually conducted trial studies are somewhat inconsistent to suggest a precise recommendation.49,52 Nevertheless Ito K et al. showed that clonazepam in animal model experiments did not obtain explicating of behavioral sensitization in rats which were under treatment with MA.53 Serotonergic agents No pharmacological trial studies lead to any clinical recommendation of serotonergic agents for MIP found in web published searching except for two animal experiments in which the role of serotonergic receptors are evaluated in locomotor activating and developing behavioral sensitization. Kaneko et al. studied the inhibitory effect of fluoxetine and paroxetin, 2 clinically available SSRI agents, on establishing and expression of MA induced behavioral sensitization and suggested a prophylactic role of SSRIs for preventing of psychotic states like hallucination and paranoid symptoms due to methamphetamine abuse.54 Ago et al. demonstrated the critical role of serotonine system in behavioral sensitization formation in mice by osemozotan a 5-HT1A-receptor agonist and ritanserin a 5-HT2-receptore antagonist and again suggested a capacity of serotonergic agents for treating methamphetamine psychosis.55 Opioid antagonist Naltrexone, a pure antagonist of morphine have showed successful outcomes in MA dependency management by decreasing craving, probably because of endogenous opioid system modulating role in reducing of reinforcing effects of metamphetamine.56-61 Behavioral sensitization produced by frequently exposure to methamphetamine is prevented by induction and expression of naltrexone in mice.62 But naltrexone plus N-acetylsysteine, an antioxidant, fail to demonstrate priority to placebo group for MA dependency treatment.63 Although no particular study with emphasis on the effects of naltrexone on MA-induced psychosis was found, it may be associated with precise changes in severity and prevalence of MIP because of its strong effects on abolishing dependency. Other unclassified treatment Minocycline, a second generation antibiotic was proposed for MIP treatment. In two separate case reports minocycline administration were associated with significant results in curing the psychotic symptoms of methamphetamine abuse probably due to its anti-inflammatory effects on micoglia.64,65 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is mentioned for its high capacity to create a dramatic response in a MIP cases whose psychotic symptoms were resistant to conventional pharmacological antipsychotic therapy.66 Discussion Methamphetamine abuse is now going to become an epidemic problem in many countries. Chronic MA abuser underwent many medical psychiatric cognitive and legal consequences. One of the most important complications is the psychosis. Many studies were performed and a plenty of pharmacological drugs were proposed for managing of MA dependency, although none of them were approved yet, but only a few investigations tried to find drugs targeted on psychosis due to MA. These drugs as reviewed in this articles belongs to different biochemical neurotransmitters like dopaminergic antipsychotics, serotonergic agents and GABAergic drugs. All the studied drugs failed to obtain approval validity, although according to the results of conducted studies merely all of these agents could subside the MA associated psychosis. Recognizing neurotransmitter/receptor systems involved and influenced by MA in animal models and human experiments that can elevate knowledge about developing MA-induced psychiatric sy ndromes, especially psychosis, is the best way to overcome MIP pharmacologically and is recommended strongly for future studies.

The Theme of Justice in The Crucible Essay -- The Crucible Arthur Mill

The Theme of Justice in The Crucible The crucible was set in 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts. The play is based on true facts about events that actually took place. It is about a small secluded town that relies strongly on their religion to keep them feeling safe. Their enemy is the devil and they are always scared of the devil and constantly looking for signs that the devil is there. â€Å"We cannot leap to witchcraft. They will howl me out of Salem for such corruption in my house.† The fear of the devil gets so strong the town’s justice system take strong actions to keep everyone safe. The paradox between justice and freedom is very unbalanced. The justice and courts are so strict none of the Salem people have their own personal freedom. Miller is questioning the fairness of the justice in Salem and that of the justice system in the US in the 50’s at the time he wrote the play. This is called an allegory. In the 50’s McCarthyism was the suppression of communism. Anyone accused of being a communist would be put into prison. Anyone who criticized the government was brought before the court and asked to name people they had seen at communist meetings. Arthur Miller did not agree with the system and wanted to get his views across. If he wrote a play about Senator McCarthy and his justice systems faults then he would have been arrested and the play would not have been shown. He made the play about the witchcraft in Salem to cover up his true meaning whilst being a polemic teaching people of the corruption in the justice system. The characters in Salem all represent people from the US in the 50’s. The Judges represent the Senators. Miller makes them disliked by the audience by showing the unfairness of thei... ...itute in Boston† To make people feel there is justice as Abby got what she deserved and people finally saw through her and she revealed the truth to what she really was. Miller states that Paris was voted out of office. This was also what happened to Senator McCarthy they both were causing injustice and in the end were both expelled. This means that they have got their justice. The audience is most concerned if John gets his justice. He does because the audience can all see that he is a good man and he becomes a hero to anyone watching the play. The characters in the play don’t celebrate him as a hero but from everyone watching he is praised. This means his message of following your own sense of right and wrong is received my hundreds of people. This is how John gets his justice and how miller restores people’s faith in the goodness of humanity.

Essay on Compulsory Primary Education Essay

In a country everybody should know how to read and write and how to count, so that everybody can help the society with a better capacity. Primary education is based mainly on reading, writing and arithmetic. This is the minimum education that one should get, specially in a poor country like India, where nothing more can be possibly done owing to paucity of funds. Advantages: The present age is the age of people. In most of the countries there are democratic form of Government. Democracy cannot be successful if the people are illiterate. Because illiterate persons cannot read the newspapers. They cannot read the political pamplets. So, they remain in dark about their country’s affairs. People should have a least the primary education for their easy conduct in the society and for the success of democracy. Why it should be made compulsory: The poor people do not send their children to school for want of money. Some children work elsewhere to supplement their family-income. The farmer’s children help their parents in the field. So, they cannot come to school if it is not made compulsory. but it must be free education and children should get their books and slates from the Government. Most of the parents being poor, their children should be provided with free fooding and free clothing. Conclusion: It is the duty of every Government to make the primary education free and compulsory. The Government of India should work out this scheme with all sincerity, so that all the children of the entire country will come within the scheme. People should co-operate with the Government in this campaign. Students can help their local people to work out the primary education programme. During their holidays and vacations they should open camp-schools in their own localities and teach the local children in suitable hours.

An Investigation to find out how Light Intensity affects Photosynthesis in Pondweed Essays

An Investigation to find out how Light Intensity affects Photosynthesis in Pondweed Essays An Investigation to find out how Light Intensity affects Photosynthesis in Pondweed Essay An Investigation to find out how Light Intensity affects Photosynthesis in Pondweed Essay Essay Topic: Synthesis We Real Cool The investigation is intended to demonstrate the way in which photosynthesis in pondweed is affected by light intensity. I have read about photosynthesis in Illustrated Biology by B.S. Becket, as well as Biology, a fictional approach by M.B.V. Roberts, and this is my summery:Most plants are neither carnivores nor herbivores, they do not feed on complex organic molecules and can instead synthesis organic compounds from inorganic raw materials, this is called Autotrophic Nutrition. There are two different types of Autotrophic Nutrition: Chemosynthesis and Photosynthesis. The method used by all green plants is Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis can be summarised by:Light energyChlorophyll6CO2+6H2O?C6H12O6+6O2Carbon DioxideWaterGlucoseOxygenEnergy from sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll contained in chloroplasts found mostly in the leaves of plants, and is used to combine carbon dioxide with water. Carbon dioxide is absorbed through pores called stomata which are usua lly located on the under surface of the leaves, and water is absorbed from the soil by the roots. The main product generated by photosynthesis is monosaccharide sugar (glucose). This can be converted into proteins for growth, broken down into carbon dioxide and water for energy production, or built up into starch for storage. A waste product of oxygen is also released.The structure of a leafPlanOxygen is the only gas released during photosynthesis. Therefore, to find out how light affects photosynthesis in pondweed, I will measure the volume of gas released from some Canadian pondweed (Elodea). I will record the volume of gas releases every minute, for six minutes, before changing the intensity of light the pondweed is exposed to, and repeating the procedure.The range of equipment available for me to use in school is limited, so this is what I shall be using:a. Lampb. Clamp standc. Meter ruler (cm)d. Bung with a hole in ite. Water containing Sodium Bicarbonatef. Bent delivery tubeg. Conical flaskh. Black paper and some sticky tapei. Scale (mm)j. Elodea (Canadian Pondweed)k. Ink bubblel. StopwatchIn order to get the ink bubble into the delivery tube I will use the following method:1. Seal the top end of the delivery tube.2. Dip the bottom end of the delivery tube into a pool of ink.3. Seal the bottom end of the delivery tube.4. Remove the seal from the top end of the delivery tube.5. Tip the delivery tube up and release seal to position bubble, and then replace seal.6. Seal the bottom of the delivery tube to the test tube, and then finally remove the seal from the top of the delivery tube.To discover accurately the affect of light intensity on pondweed (i.e. maintain a fair experiment), I shall have to supply sufficient amounts of four of the five factors necessary for photosynthesis to take place, these are carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and heat. This is so that the fifth factor, light, is the only factor limiting any photosynthesis that takes place. In addition, the levels of carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and heat need to be kept at a constant. This is so that light intensity is the only variable of which the affect is being measured. Since the investigation is intended to demonstrate the way in which light intensity affects photosynthesis in pondweed, I will obviously have to vary the light intensity. If I varied both the light intensity and levels of carbon dioxide, for instance, and kept the other three factors at a constant, my results would show the effect of both light intensity and carbon dioxide on the rate of photosynthesis in pondweed. It is for this reason that light intensity will have to be the only factor I vary. I know that the natural amounts of carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and heat are of a sufficient quantity, since pondweed survives in the wild. For this reason I shall not alter the amount of heat subjected to the pondweed. Ideally, I would sustain a constant temperature but due to limited equipment , this is not possible. In addition, I shall not alter the amount of chlorophyll present in the pondweed, or its size and surface area. I shall maintain this by simply using the same piece of pondweed for each set of results. This may however cause the pondweed to slightly loose its efficiency at photosynthesis. Though this inaccuracy would be lesser than that caused by using different pieces of pondweed for each set of results, since it would be almost impossible to obtain several pieces of pondweed that were identically sized, had the same surface area, and contained an equal amount of chlorophyll. Ideally I would prefer sustain the pondweeds natural supply of water and carbon dioxide, but by removing the pondweed from the pond and placing it in a test tube, I have already altered the amount of water and carbon dioxide that the pondweed has to use. To compensate for this I shall add Sodium Bicarbonate to the conical flask full of pond water I will provide. Since both water and car bon dioxide are used in photosynthesis, the water will need to be replaced for each set of readings ensuring there will be equal amounts of water and carbon dioxide each time. The water will be replaced with the same volume of water, which comes from the same source, containing the same amount of sodium bicarbonate.I will record the location on the scale, of the beginning of the ink bubble every 30 seconds for 5 minutes. Then using the formula v=?r2l (where v is volume, r is radius and l is length), I will be able to work out the volume of gas released from the pondweed every 30 seconds over the 5 minutes. I will repeat this at least three times, replacing the water each time, and moving the lamp 25cm away from its previous position, when its first position is at 0cm.Since plants respire, the waste products of carbon dioxide and water will also be released:C6H12O6+6O2?6CO2+6H2O+EnergyGlucoseOxygenCarbon DioxideWaterTherefore, I shall carry out a control experiment where the light in tensity is nil (the lamp will be turned off and the test tube wrapped in black paper, stopping any light from getting to the pondweed). This will cause any photosynthesis to cease and provide a set of results I can use for comparison with my other results. With these results I will then be able to work out the volume of gas released during respiration alone, enabling me to work out the approximate volume of gas released during photosynthesis with the varied intensities of light.PredictionI predict that the rate of photosynthesis will increase as the light intensity increases. Since the supply of the other four factors necessary for photosynthesis is limited, if the light intensity increases too much the rate of photosynthesis will stop increasing. In addition, because the pondweed is in a sealed container, if the speed of photosynthesis exceeds the speed of respiration, the supply of carbon dioxide and water will not be renewed in tin, and so the rate of photosynthesis will eventual ly slow down to the rate of respiration. In the long term, this will stop the pondweed photosynthesising enough and will eventually cause it to die. Also, since there will only be the minerals that were present in the water in the test tube, the pondweeds supply of sulphates, phosphates, and nitrates will soon run out. These minerals are not strictly necessary for photosynthesis, but the pondweed cannot survive without them, and if the pondweed is dead, it cannot photosynthesise.When the light intensity is nil, I predict a small amount of gas will be released as a result of respiration.A Predicted graph to show how Light Intensity affects Photosynthesis in PondweedA Predicted graph to show how no light affects Photosynthesis in PondweedTrial Experiment15cmTimeReading onscale (cm)(to 1dp)Volume (ml) of Gasreleased during past30 seconds (to 0dp)0:009.70:309.4-51:009.2-31:309.0-32:008.9-22:308.903:009.023:309.234:009.544:309.855:0010.155:3010.346:0010.65Average volume (ml) of gas relea sed every 30 seconds (0dp)1My trial experiment revealed several problems with my experiment:Firstly, for the first two minutes, the volume of the matter contained in the apparatus decreased, as if gas was being used up rather than produced. This was actually because I had placed the lamp next to the test tube while I had set the equipment up, and then had moved it away to a distance of approximately 15cm. The light was considerably hot and had heated up the test tube and its contents. Therefore, when I moved the lamp away from the test tube, the contents of the equipment compressed as they cooled down, causing the ink bubble to register a decrease of volume. To compensate for this I will leave five minutes before taking any readings, leaving enough time for the contents of the equipment (i.e. the water, pondweed, and the air) to expand or decrease, to the present temperature.Secondly, my equipment proved to include several flaws:* The normal delivery tube proved to be too wide to su stain the ink bubble, so I replaced it with a 1mm wide equivalent.* Equipment was limited, and there was not a bent 1mm wide delivery tube, so I replaced the bent delivery tube with two straight delivery tubes and a rubber pipe.* I found it very hard to position the bubble. In the end, I found a syringe to be useful for the initial positioning.* The seal between the delivery tube and the rubber pipe was not totally air tight, so I added some Vaseline to maximise the seal.Now Vaseline has been added to the seals between the delivery tubes and the rubber pipe, the pipe could easily be moved up and down the tube, which moved the ink bubble up and down the scale, making it much easier to position the ink bubble.This is my new equipment set-up:a. Lampb. Clamp standc. Meter ruler (cm)d. Bung with a hole in ite. Water containing Sodium Bicarbonatef. Scaled capillary tubeg. Delivery tube (short)h. Rubber pipei. Test tubej. Black paper and some sticky tapek. Scale (mm)l. Elodea (Canadian Pon dweed)m. Ink bubblen. Syringeo. Vaselinep. StopwatchAnalysis0cm25cm50cmControl (no light)TimeReading on scale(cm) (to 1dp)Volume (ml) of Gasreleased during past30 seconds (to 0dp)Reading on scale(cm) (to 1dp)Volume (ml) of Gasreleased during past30 seconds (to 0dp)Reading on scale(cm) (to 1dp)Volume (ml) of Gasreleased during past30 seconds (to 0dp)Reading on scale(cm) (to 1dp)Volume (ml) of Gasreleased during past30 seconds (to 0dp)5:007.64.43.71.35:307.834.403.701.306:008.154.523.701.306:308.454.623.701.307:008.634.723.821.307:308.834.823.801.308:009.035.033.801.308:309.355.123.921.309:009.534.8-54.021.309:309.854.924.001.3010:0010.035.134.121.30Average volumeof gas releasedevery 30 seconds (excluding any anomalous results).4210My results show, when the lamp was placed 0cm from the pondweed, the pondweed produced approximately 4mmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of gas every 30 seconds. When the lamp was placed 25cm from the pondweed, the pondweed produced approximately 2ml of gas every 30 seconds. W hen the lamp was placed 50cm from the pondweed, the pondweed produced approximately 1ml every 30 seconds. When the lamp was switched off and the test tube covered in black paper, the pondweed produced approximately 0ml every 30 seconds.This proves that light intensity does affect photosynthesis in pondweed, and that as I predicted, as the light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases. In fact, the word photosynthesis suggests this: Photo means light, and synthesis refers to the assembly of organic compounds. Though light does affect the rate of photosynthesis, the overall process takes place in two stages, and only the first is light dependant. The second can take place with, or with out light. In the first stage, the light dependant reactions, water is split into hydrogen and oxygen, and ATP is produced. This is where the oxygen is released as a waste gas. The ATP is used in the synthesis of carbohydrates in the second stage, the light independent reactions.Though contrary to my prediction, I recorded no gas to have been produced when the pondweed is subjected to no light at all. This could be a result of one of three possibilities:1. No gas was produced by respiration.2. An insubstantial amount of gas was produced by respiration and so it did not show up on my scale.3. The equipment I used was faulty, and so the gas was escaping.Since my experiment only lasted for 10 minutes, the other factors necessary for photosynthesis did not limit the rate of photosynthesis in the pondweed.Graphs to show how Light intensity affects Photosynthesis in pondweed.Graph to show how Light Intensity affects Photosynthesis in PondweedEvaluationMy experiment did prove that as light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases, though it is not completely reliable. My data contained at least one anomalous result: on the ninth minute when the lamp was placed 25cm away from the pondweed, I recorded that the volume of the matter inside the equipment dec reased by 5ml. Unreliable anomalous data such as this could have been recorded due to errors in several main areas:* The equipment I used may have been faulty and/or inaccurate:* It is unlikely that the seals around the delivery tubes were totally air tight, and so it is probable that some gas leaked causing the apparatus to record a lesser increase in volume.* As previously stated the lamp gave of a considerable amount of heat, and so when the lamp is close enough to the test tube, it caused the temperature inside to rise. The atoms in the water gain energy making them spread out, increasing their volume. Temperature is one of the four factors I stated I had to keep at a constant, but by using this lamp, and not controlling the rise in temperature, I failed to do so. This means that my results, to a certain extent, show both the effect of Light intensity and temperature on photosynthesis in pondweed.* As well as not controlling the temperature, I could not totally control the inten sity of light, since I was unable to carry out the experiment in a totally dark room, or a room with a sustained level of light.* The scale I used may not have been precise enough.* The equipment I used may have been contaminated:* It is probable that the equipment, in particular the water contained in the test tube, was contaminated with other organisms that would have released gas during respiration.* It is possible the equipment contained undesired substances which also could have affected photosynthesis in the pondweed.* I used the same piece of pondweed for every set of results, meaning the pondweeds ability to photosynthesis may have improved or deteriorated as time went on.* Human error may have lead to inaccuracies in recording data, either by reading the scale wrong or bad time keeping.To account for these possible mistakes I should really repeat the experiment a many times and work out an overall average. This would ensure the data is reliable and not a fluke.In addition, I could use the following equipment to decrease the chance of any fault in my equipment:a. Fluorescent Lampb. Clamp standc. Meter ruler (cm)d. Bung with a hole in ite. Water containing Sodium Bicarbonatef. Scaled capillary tubeg. 3 way taph. Test tubei. Elodea (Canadian Pondweed)j. Ink bubblek. Syringel. StopwatchIdeally, the experiment would be carried out in the dark, with no light pollution at all so that I would have total control of the light intensity. The temperature of the lab would be controlled and constant so that my results would not show how temperature as well as light intensity affects photosynthesis in pondweed. In addition, a fluorescent lamp would be used. This is for two reasons, firstly, fluorescent lamps are incredibly more efficient than normal lumen incandescent lamps, meaning they give off less heat. This also would ensure that my investigation only records the effect of light intensity on pondweed and not temperature.Secondly, the light emitted from lumen in candescent lamps is not white light, it is made up of mostly red light, with some green light, and even less blue light. Since the objective of this investigation is to show how light intensity and not colour affects photosynthesis in pondweed, and plant life has evolved over millions of years to photosynthesise using sunlight, a lamp that emits light of daylight quality would be much more adequate. Also, a three way tap combined with a syringe would enable me to reset the ink bubble to 0 for each set of readings, along with the 1mm delivery tube with scale, this would decrease the chance of human error when reading the scale.Dave Burton 10FDAn Investigation to find out how Light Intensity affects Photosynthesis in Pondweed.

BMW Luxury Cars

BMW Luxury Cars The core customer value for BMW luxury cars are prestige and hi-tech performance in their endeavors. Having full understanding of the specific needs of their target group, BMW has largely considered the psychographic factors of its customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on BMW Luxury Cars specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it has been revealed, BMW targets active individuals who have achieved success at their early age, desiring prestigious and super-performing luxury cars like themselves. Notably, the customers of BMW are technology oriented and very active in their life-time, as they pursue success in their ventures. In this regard, the brand seeks to establish strong relationship with its customers by providing them with the driving experience they desire in their life-time. As it has been revealed, the luxury cars having the BMW brand name are in three series including MBW 3, MBW 5 and MBW 7. These three series of the MBW brand are the ultimate core aspects for maintenance of customer loyalty to the BMW luxury cars. More specifically, the MBW 3 series provides its users with extra-ordinary performance as it is made to facilitate self actualization among the customer target base. Precisely, BMW 3 series seeks to establish trust and loyalty with its customers by offering splendid personalized experiences with the product. After the users of BMW 3 advance into more experience with BMW luxury cars, they move further to acquire BMW 5, which is more expensive, but maintaining the outstanding performance of BMW luxury cars . On the other hand, BMW 7 series is meant for the already established customer base for BMW luxury cars as it propels higher the user-oriented experience with the BMW products through its advanced features to facilitate prestige and higher performance than 3 series. It is important to note that, 7 series is much more expensive that 3 series since it is mainly meant for compan y’s loyal customers who have had prior experience with the former series. Following the currently competitive global markets, the development of products to achieve competitive advantage forms a real of success among brands marketers. Since the customers’ needs of BMW products are based outstanding performance, more innovations of the existing products need to be done to come up with more superior luxury cars capable of competing with potential competitors like Mercedes Benz among others. More so, powerful advertisements based on psychographic factors of the customers’ needs to be made. For instance, creation of short films showing the uniqueness of BMW products on the context of other competitors may be quite appealing. Since visual advertisements are more accurate and highly effective, the films will be able to attract target customers’ attention largely. As a result, success and efficiency in marketing BMW products will be realized.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Further, a variety of channels in marketing the BMW luxury cars would be more appropriate to reach wider customers base. Since the target customers for BMW are always busy and very active, the use of precise and direct advertisements over the internet would be quite effective so that the customers don’t waste time interpreting information of the advertisement. It can also be recommended that, the product promotion uses the internet to collect information about the needs of their customers with respect to the specific aspects of the luxury cars which need to be improved. By having enough data about the accurate needs of the target customers, it would be easier for the company to modify the cars to intersect with the specific needs of the customers.

The ethic of equal opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The ethic of equal opportunity - Essay Example The concessions came into vogue in the 1960s and 1970s. Preferential treatment programs to the above categories of the American population is not a concession, they are entitled for it. It is a petty societal gesture for the centuries of subjugation, physical violence and mental torture, destruction of the native culture and all sorts of negativities practiced against them especially on the African Americans. Other racial minorities and women also have been at the receiving end. Thus the initiatives of some firms and institutions to recruit a fixed number of minority and women candidates was a welcome relief and that enabled them to change and improve their lifestyles and provide better education to children. The above arrangements have decidedly worked to the advantage of minorities and women. At the middle class level perceptible changes are seen but several inequalities continue to plague the American corporate world. About 97% of corporate senior executives are white. When the to p decision makers are white it is futile to expect of them not to work and frame policies that are beneficial to the white community. Reservation is one of the options to remove inequalities but it is certainly not the panacea to remove all inequalities. Criticism springs forth from two quarters. From whites and a section of the blacks which has resulted in friction amongst the working class. The grievance of the whites is that the policy affects their employment opportunities. The black scholars oppose it and claim that the programs victimize and stigmatize the minorities and this has led to friction amongst the blacks and whites on the one hand and also amongst the different groups of blacks. Reservations may not be a perfect and rational remedy, but the wise saying goes that desperate situations need desperate remedies. The gross injustice done to the African Americans for over three centuries was the desperate situation in their history. They were totally helpless from all ends and the white community enjoyed at their cost. The mansions they built were through the sweat and blood of the slave labor. The atrocities committed by the whites can be forgiven but the historical facts can never be forgotten. So, quotas and reservations are the just alternatives to overcome the racial and sex barriers in the American society. As such, preferential treatment programs are morally justified. If there is one post and there are two applicants for the same, when one of them is selected, the other one is bound to feel discriminated. This is the natural human reaction. But preferential treatment programs have a broader perspective as they are based on the grounds of distributive justice. Society is like the scale of justice and both arms of the scale are equally important. Turn the pages of American history, one arm of the scale had to bear the heavy burden for centuries. As a result of past discrimination, minorities and women were denied the share of opportunities that were due to them. Though discrimination has now ended from the legal perspective, subtle discriminatory policies and practices continue to pervade business organizations and educational establishments. As such, preferential treatment programs seek to lessen inequalities and justice demands this should happen. â€Å"The first premise put forth by Wasserstrom was that race is still a significant factor in our

Anti-colonial Nationalism in British India Essay

Anti-colonial Nationalism in British India - Essay Example Gandhi became famous in the world for fighting for independence in India from the British colonialists in the early 20th century. The emergence of the communal consciousness between the Muslims and the Hindus was as a result of the British colonial rule, particularly the colonial legislation and administrative division of Indians into religious classes. During the colonial period, communalism and separatism were restricted only to certain regions and groups. Politics of the Indian National Congress, anti colonial nationalists’ parties, the Muslim League and the British legislation brought about the thought that the interests of the Muslim community were different from those of the Hindu community in India (Khan 234). The anti colonial struggle in India took place in three different stages, which is the proto-nationalism stage as the first stage, the rise of new leadership as the second stage and finally mass movement as the third stage. Proto-nationalism is the earliest period of anti-colonial struggle in British India. The local people did not have any knowledge about their rights and their independence during this era. The local people accepted the colonial rule of the British during this period. However, political movements and social groups demanded reforms within the British colonial rule system. When the National Congress of India was established in 1885, it was not anti British colonial rule because it believed that the British colonialists had some sense of justice and fair play in their ruling (Guha 102). The rise of new leadership in India was regarded as the second stage of anti colonial struggle. New patriotic and dedicated leaders in India took control of the movements. During this stage, leaders such as Gokhale, Mahatma Gandhi, Lala Lajpat Rai, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel and Maulana Azad emerged (Guha 78). The third and final stage of anti colonial struggle in British India was mass movements. These national movements dominated in India in that the British colonialists were forced to use brutal force in order to maintain their power. The movements took their information to the locals in remote areas of India under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. This final stage started with civil disobedience movements whose main aim was to sensitive the locals to disobey some of the rules of the British colonialists that were unjust. The British colonialists in turn arrested the leaders of the movements sending them to jail (Guha 34). With the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, peaceful non-violent struggles were adopted as a method of anti colonial struggle. National Congress of India was established in 1885 as a platform for the educated Indians to express their aspirations and was generally received by the British. The Congress later became anti British. Among the leaders of the Congress included Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Surendra Nath Banerjee who sought for reforms that would allow some Indians to participate in the Legislativ e Councils but after approximately two decades, it became anti British. The main objective of the Congress was the defeat of the British raj. In India, the freedom movement was split into two factions, that is, a less militant faction and a more militant faction. The less militant faction was represented by Gokhale and later by Mahatma Gandhi whose main

The Descartes Method of Doubt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Descartes Method of Doubt - Essay Example Though  Descartes' views can be considered subjective, the drive to seek knowledge and to prove different concepts had been recognized related to doubt (Gillespie 761). Descartes manner of seeking knowledge was corresponding to the scientific method which starts with a problem. His scientific queries started with doubt, but not with self-doubt. He stated that ideas that had been reflected from his mind were presented and simply stated without prejudice. Then the questions were divided into specific questions that can be clearly answered. The reflective process was then applied to each query on the basis of difficulty or the preset order. Upon the completion of specific ideas, the generalized views were then achieved (Williams 18). Descartes trust on reflective thought is the first principle where he based the subsequent views (Gillespie 761). In his First Meditations, he raised grounds for doubting beliefs in everyday existence. Examples of the arguments presented by Descartes are lunacy and God arguments which raised doubts on opposing groups of believers (Broughton 1). In the process of raising doubts, his main objective is to achieve absolute certainty. In addition, he focused on the method of inquiry because he believed that if doubts on the method of seeking knowledge were eliminated, certainty can be achieved (Broughton 1). In Descartes’ Discourse, he presented the Method of Doubt as the method used in the investigation of the foundations of philosophy (Broughton 1). The application of the said though was not limited to philosophy since he also used the method in mathematical research and queries (p. 5). What then is the main aim of Descartes in the establishment of the method? The Method of Doubt is the method of Descartes in the conception of knowledge. His views mean that knowledge should be uncertain and it should lack any form of doubt. For that matter, he raised doubts and uncertainty to be answered and to be eliminated (Broughton 7-8). His main aim then is to achieve concepts that cannot be doubted and refuted. Descartes’ skepticism is another point of the query because of his view on raising doubt and the application of skepticism in scientific and philosophical inquiries. Based on his view though, his intentions of proving knowledge by raising doubts and skepticism were not because he was a skeptic. Based on the researches on the Method of Doubt by Descartes, the skepticism can be considered as a positive element since it can make scientists face the doubts associated with the quest for knowledge. Instead of moving away from the doubts, they were tackled head-on and resolved (Perin 52). Conclusion The Method of Doubt by Descartes had contributed significantly to the method of scientific, mathematical and philosophical inquiry and research in the modern era. Being a skeptic or not had been an important element in Descartes achievements into becoming the Father of Modern Philosophy.

Miley Cyrus Essay Example for Free

Miley Cyrus Essay Miley Cyrus has always been an important figure to me and to my identity. I begun my teenage years watching Hannah Montana every night before going to bed, listening to her songs as both, Miley and Hannah and I even used to learn the lyrics to every song that eventually helped me a lot to improve my english speaking skills. I also had Hannah Montana room appliances, posters and even my bedding was from the famous show. As I see these pictures and also videos, followed by all the comments that are being posted about her everywhere from Youtube to Twitter and from Facebook to many gossip magazines everywhere I look. I feel hurt and I cannot imagine how much pressure she must be feeling at the moment. We live in a world that still doesnt know how to appreciate and is full of hate that doesnt go away easily. Personally, I don not have a problem with what she is doing, but I am really curious, I cannot understand how a person could change not only her appearance, her way of dressing but also her personality from night to morning. I do not dislike who she is now, though I find it disturbing how being a role model to so many young girls she really doesnt care about dancing in front of everyone in such an obscene way or posting pictures on her personal Instagram consuming drugs, for instance the picture where she is smoking a joint of weed. Girls that are still young and even older ones can totally follow these actions and do the same just because their idol is doing it, so in this way I dont think she is doing the right thing. As long as I know, Miley did not have many cheerful times, the last six months of her busy life. She struggled with many aspects of her personal life, just like we all do from time to time. Perhaps she did not know how to manage this in a different way so she decided to make a drastic change. Comparing the two pictures, the first one where her hair is long, she wears an acceptable dress and she smiles sweetly, the other picture below that one was at this years VMAs and she is looks so much more outrageous, her hairstyle completely change, she went from long, brunette to short very light blonde hair. She also changed her clothes and it seems that showing skin is something that makes her feel better, she does not smile but she pulls her tongue out of her mouth and makes signs with her hands. I understand her at this point because as a teenager, I feel how pressure starts to accumulate more in life everyday as I grow older, it is not easy to deal with everything, to find a balance in life. Sometimes things dont go very well or as planned, I get hurt, we all get hurt and we have to learn from mistakes but sometimes I want to be someone else, I want to change who I am and feel different, new and refreshed. From one side, I truly admire the way she reacts to the situation. She is being so critiqued on every move she does, everything she does will be known because she caused so much polemic that way too many people are just on her feet and will not stop wanting to see and know what she does. The media follows her, portrays her in a negative way and she does not care, because she feels happy doing whatever she wants and being different. Cyrus has already spoken many times to the public answering to the publics negative response and the way she answers its been so confident that it is very impressive. I think I have much to learn from her, not from the obscene dance moves and the lack of clothes in public. Instead, learn from the attitude she has taken and how strong she is by not letting comments and people bring her down.