A Study On HNC Social Care Social Policy Essay

A Study On HNC affable superintend neighborly Policy Essayvalue be standards and principals by which we live our lives. These standards are m all and often depend on piles background e.g. Culture, class, religion, gender, age. Values are extremely individual attitudes that direct citizenrys responses to the world around them. Amongst some of the value I live my life by and assess are privacy allowing me to engage space to myself and respecting the fact that former(a)s may desire privacy, to be safe and also allowing others the same, having self respect, being trustworthy, being non judgmental, being anti discriminatory, respect life and faith, value freedom and equality, value choice and others points of view. I have learned to live my life this way from my parents and their families. The schools and church whither I was taught , espoused the values of human dignity, solidarity for the common good , charity , and the family, all of which I continue to hold dear. I thence try to ensure that I treat people the way I would like to be treated. Because of these values, I am able to work happily alongside the organization I volunteer for, as their policies and procedures do umpteen of these common values. We ensure the right to dignity, choice, respect, privacy, and protection. I must consider my clients printings and preferences.I currently volunteer as a Befriender for a sort that helps adults with schooling disabilities become included within the companionship through complaisantization, by matching Befriendees with supportive Befrienders. I, as a volunteer for this organization, provide their service participants with the opportunity to conduct a full and satisfying part in their community. I also help to organize awareness of issues affecting adults with learn difficulties in community participation. I did this in a major way by participating in the collection and presentation of our petition to the Scottish Parliament to request that Befriend ing is to be financed with eye funding. Although Befriending, to help social inclusion was briefly mentioned as a way of supporting adults with learning disabilities in Same as you Strategy2000, this article has never been defined by the government as a core service to be provided by councils. As a result, Befriending for Adults with Learning Disabilities has rarely been financed or delivered by statutory services. However, the social work department is the main means of referral to our organization and so for the moment go this service free, financed by charitable donations. I touch this is a form of statutory discrimination against our client group and hope our petition resolves this situation. This petition has arrived a positive reaction from the petitions committee and is facilitate going through the committee processes. The core values of our organisation are underpinned by the National Care Standards, which were set up under the Regulation of Care (Scotland)Act 2001. Th is Act came about to regulate the care and social work force and set out the principals of good care practice. The Care Commission was set up under this Act to register, regulate, and inspect all care services listed in the Act. It also established The Scottish Social Services Council (SSSC). The SSSC has aims and objectives to protect the service users, raise standards, strengthen, and support workforce professionalism. There are six main standards laid down in National Care Standards that are at the centre of any care practice. Dignity making someone feel worthy and impressive as defined in the Oxford English Dictionary. I ensure that I expose dignity by respecting individuals for who they are. I recognise all individuals are different and I am sensitive and aware of this.Privacy and confidentiality is the need and right to privacy. The rule of confidentiality between me and the service user is built on mutual respect and trust. Confidentiality is further reinforced by the Data Protection Act 1998. This allows our service users to fulfill any information that is held on them. I must ensure that this information is held securely in a locked filing cabinet. Any information I import in an activity plan must be truthful, factual, and accurate with my opinions to be objective.Choice means giving and explaining different options to individuals. I support our service users by encouraging their right to choose. By offering they limitationed options that will encourage them to look at positive alternatives within a safe environment.Safety means that I must ensure my service user when in my care, is protected from impairment and villainy. If I suspect or observe that harm and abuse has or is taking dapple, against a service user, I must report the incident in an Incident Report Form within 36 hrs of the episode to my parenthood manager. I also complete a risk assessment form before any activity.Realising Potential ensures that I must allow my service users th e determine to aim to achieve things great and small within their abilities.These core values are represented within our organisations policies and procedures. To ensure client safety we have a Health and Safety Policywhich is designed to comply with the Health and Safety at work Act 1974. Risk Assessments are used on a free-and-easy basis before an activity to ensure that the staff and clients are safe on the premises. We also have Accident and Incident Reporting procedures which are call for under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases, and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation 1995(RIDDOR), Social Security Regulations 1979 (SRR),Data Protection Act, to be reportedin an efficient manner. I must complete relevant forms and report to my boundary manager. If an event requires reporting directly to RIDDOR the records should be kept securely for at least three years. Our Equalities policy complies with the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and 1986, the Race dealings Act of 1976 and the Race Re lation Amendments Regulations of 2003, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. Our organization opposes all forms of unfair and unlawful discrimination on the grounds of colour, race, religion, nationality, social background, gender, informal orientation, marital status, age and disability. It also promotes the principle of equal opportunities in paid employment, voluntary work, and service provision. Although it is important to apply positive values within my practice, it is sometimes difficult to do so. Giving someone choice needs to be balanced by ensuring that this choice is safe and positive. Giving Adults with Learning Disabilities too many choices derriere cause confusion and sometimes fear. So I give limited positive choices to ensure that this does non happen. Safety issues mickle also limit choices, as under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and National Care Standards it is important that I ensure my client is safe from harm and abuse. If a risk assessment shows that an activity is not suitable to the client because of safety issues then the choice of doing that particular activity is reduced. The values conflicting here are my clients health and safety and his right to choice. Privacy and confidentiality is dealt with in our Confidentiality policy. Our organization requires information about clients, volunteers, staff other organizations and our own organization. I am therefore committed to ensuring that all information is stored safely which also allows appropriate retrieval. Confidential material must be kept in a locked cabinet. Volunteers are only able to see files on a need to know basis only. Computer access is limited to authorized staff and information O.K. up. All of these policies are compatible with the Data Protection Act 1998.If a client discloses something to me and asks me not to tell anyone then I must respect his/her wishes as a matter of trust. However, sometimes this puke be difficult, especially if abuse is disclosed . Under these circumstances I am obliged to tell him/her that I date his/her need for confidentiality, but the circumstances require me to advise my line manager in writing and that this will be in his/her best interests and to try not to worry. The values conflicting here are protection from harm and abuse and confidentiality. As we do not supply a care service, we are not required to register with the Care Commission, but we ensure all our policies and procedures meet their standards. As all clients under these standards are legally allowed an individualized care plan, we kinda have an activity plan. To ensure no discrimination takes place the client is assessed using (Ref1)PIES. We take into account, our clients Physical needs, Intellectual needs, Emotional needs, and Social needs. Needs were inaugural described as requirements for our survival in the model put forward by (Ref 2) Abraham Maslow, a Humanist Psychologist. He solid groundd that human needs weed be arranged in a stepladder pyramid and that the lower level needs must be satisfied before higher levels can be met. Starting from the basic psychological need , then moving to safety and security, social, esteem, and self- actualization. He suggested that not satisfying these needs the person could become thwart and emotionally distressed, with possibly indigence and crisis taking place. He also suggested that these needs must be met in order. Prejudice as (Ref3) defined in the collins dictionary is an unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or things, or a preference for a one group of people or things over another. Prejudice is caused by a lack of understanding of something, causing the wrong impression to be created. (Ref4)The Functionalist perspectives state that society can be likened to the human body, with different organs (institutions) having different functions yet all working together to keep the body (society) alive. The negative aspects of discrimination according to the functionalists state that it exacerbates poverty and crime, that society fails to use the resources of all individuals, discourages good will, and discourage the resolution of disputes. These negative aspects can provide jobs by having to employ police officers, justice system, and gracious servants. Although not to be encouraged, the functionalists state that the positive aspects of prejudice keep people in their proper place within society and discourage them from questioning their place within society. The functionalists believe that it is normal for one group to be superior to the other, that society is unequal and competition within society is natural. Discrimination happens when one group does not want to have another group change their set roles. Changes in the economy can see prejudice affecting those in poverty because other groups may feel that the benefit system budget is being abused by those who are out of work. Prejudice can be seen in my client group, which has a definite need of the benefit system. Working with people with learning disabilities has shown me that prejudice arises amongst some of the local community. This is a small section of the community pre- judging those with learning disabilities through lack of knowledge and so they hold unfavourable views or opinions towards people who are different and so bullying can take place. Adults with learning disabilities are a section of society that tends not to be able to stand up for themselves.They rely on family, social workers, protagonism workers, and support workers to advise them on their rights, choices, and responsibilities. Unfortunately, through no fault of their own, some sections of this community may not receive this relevant information. They do not receive the care, benefits, and advice that they need, or they do not receive the statutory services they deserve. This can be caused by certain people denying our client group their rights and so distinguish against them. Hara ssment, bullying, and hate crimes of those with learning disabilities takes place in many areas. The recent death of a mother and daughter burned to death in England after numerous threats and harassment is an excessive example and result of discrimination. Discrimination takes place through fear, misunderstanding, misinformation, and so as well as laws against discrimination, we need to educate and provide prep against it. To try to ensure that the incident that took place does not happen in our community, our organization is involved in providing a training service to the community. I have taken part in training to try to educate youths from the local secondary school about Learning Disabilities. This resulted in them becoming peer volunteers to junior children with Learning Disabilities from the local school for autistic children. A music group was set up to bring these two groups of youngsters together, with positive results.(Ref 5) Adults with Learning Disabilities are more than than likely to develop health problems. Therefore, without support, they may not be able to make their feelings known and so screening and or treatment may be denied. The need for support to allow them to lead as normal a life as their abilities allow and to access services, has a financial cost to society. The belief that people with learning disabilities, are a financial burden to society, and not providing relevant support is evidence of discrimination.Their ill health has my client group adults with learning disabilities relying on benefits. Therefore, being able to afford the use of transport and taking part in social activities are reduced for those who are on benefits. This is more evident in those with learning disabilities in rural areas. They are socially excluded and marginalized, through the lack of affordable and regular transport services. The chances of employment for this group of individuals are rare as most do not have the capacity to engage in work and so th ey will continue to live on benefits. Psychologically that can result in depression, low self- esteem, frustration, or anger. Causing their behaviour to be affected, by them becoming withdrawn or violent.Through legislation, social care organizations now have to be more accountable and have increasing responsibilities to write and maintain policy and procedures. These have to comply with current legislation and exist to protect peoples rights and ensure quality services are provided. Our policies and procedures must have specific guidelines, for example, they cover confidentiality and privacy, equal opportunities, health and safety, abuse policies, lone working practices, activity planning and reviews and risk assessment and management. I have a responsibility to read the organizations policy and procedures thoroughly and integrate them into my practice. I should query any uncertainties and report any infringements. If I am uneasy about the practice of others within the organizatio n or within any other agency I come into contact with, I must report to my line manager and seek advice. My manager has a responsibility to produce these policies and procedures ensuring they corporate current legislation. Management ensures that staff and service users have easy access to them. Discussion and reflection of policies and procedures to ensure they are justified and explained to staff is encouraged. I receive continued training, support, and supervision and engage in partnership working with relevant agencies. References.1. Elizabeth Bingham +. (2009). Social Care Group Award Graded Unit. In Heinemann HNC in Social Care. Edinburgh Heinemann. 147.2. Elizabeth Bingham +. (2009). Psychological perspectives and Theories on development and needs. In Heinemann HNC in Social Care. Edinburgh Heinemann. 86-89.3. http//dictionary.reverso.net/english-cobuild/prejudice4. Eliz Bingham + (2009). HNC in Social Care. Edinburgh Heinemann. 1125. http//www.learningdisabilities.org.uk/me dia/news-releases/newsreleases-2005/14-july-2005/?locale=en

Physical and Psychosocial Problems of Radiation Therapy

Physical and Psychosocial Problems of Radiation TherapyIntroduction and backgroundThe word crabby person itself is traumatic in nature. It make a person non only somaticly barely in like manner psychologically, financially, culturally, socially, and spiritually etc. According to World Health Organization( WHO) report (2014), in 2012 humannesswide 14.1 million adults were diagnosed with crabby person, and among them 8.2 million were died. Moreover, rapper cancer is the fifth pencil lead cause of death. In the USA, among all types of cancers the pap cancer is the mellowest incidence rate because champion in ten women is having meet cancer (Njeh, Saunders, Langton, 2012). Breast cancer incidence increased much than 20% (WHO Press Release, 2013). Furthermore, cancer is also one of the leading causes of deaths in the developing countries. In Pakistan, the most frequently diagnosed cancer is doorknocker cancer for females. The incidence of breast cancer is higher in wester n countries merely Pakistan has the highest rate of breast cancer among all the Asian countries, (Pink Ribbon Pakistan). It is estimated that 1 in 9 Pakistani women will develop breast cancer at some stage of their life. (Shokat Khanum crabmeat Hospital and Re search Center). The cancer patient suffers a lot from the physical and psychosocial problems not only because of the disease process but also from the treatment related problems. As, one out of two patients with cancer experience psychiatric disorder especially depression (Reyes-Gibby, Anderson, Morrow, Shete Hassan, 2012 Spoletini, et al, 2008).There are definite treatment modalities for cancer such as cognitive process, chemotherapy and shaft of light. Each of them is potential to produce various threats for the cancer patient. Radiation therapy is also an important treatment performed before and subsequently(prenominal) surgery which also has various harmful effect on the patient. Be status that it is portentous part of cancer treatment but its mend on patients gauge of life and care for oversight is less addressed in literature. According to Welle, (1998) actinotherapy patients are perceived as self-caring and their needs are not taken care of.However, numerous researches have been conducted nationally and internationally to identify the opposite problems and their intervention of the cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and surgery. As a result severalize based body of knowledge have been generated this is contributing in quality nursing care and health teaching, impacting on the patients quality of life. Moreover, some of the international studies highlighted the problems lookd by the patients receiving actinotherapy therapy but as per my best knowledge very little work has been done in the field of nursing to remedy these problems. Most importantly, in the context of Pakistan very little work has been done pertinent to this issue.However this study is significant to contr ibute in the real body of knowledge for nurses to care for breast cancer patient more holistically. Moreover, this study may be helpful to develop the teaching material for patients receiving ray to enhance their quality of life. In addition, the findings of this study will be helpful for nurses working in Pakistan.This study may improve the teaching interventions of nurses caring for cancer patients in government hospital and may have positive effect on their knowledge, attitude, and skill pertinent to RT.PurposeThe aim of this paper is to identify the physical and psychosocial problem of the patient pertinent to ray therapy, as salubrious as the nursing management and health teaching for the patients for enhancement of their quality of life.Study movements enquiry 1 What are the different physical and psychological problems of the breast cancer patients undergoing RT in Pakistani context?Question 2 Is there any linkup between RT and compromised quality of life of the patien t.Question 3 What kind of health teaching is necessary for the nurse to give the patient before and after RT?Question 4 what are the feeling and perceptions of breast cancer patients undergoing beam therapy ?Data sourcesThe review of literature was conducted through data bases CINAHL PubMed , Mosbys Nursing Consult, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were search for published research articles relevant to this paper. The combination of the following key terms was used to retrieve relevant literature by punching physical/psychological problems, breast cancer, problems with light beam therapy, quality of life, patient education etc. Search generated 283 articles, 52 duplicate results excluded. Through a selection process title and abstract screened, among those 20 were assemble to be relevant to the topic.Literature reviewRadiation therapy is one of the options totreat the cancer, uses high-energy x-rays or gamma rays targeted at the tumorto shrink the tumors or kill cancer cells(R advansky, Pace, Siddiqui, 2013). During the hang of the treatment about two-thirdsof patients will undergo radiation therapy(Guo et al. 2013).According toPotthoff et al (20013). More than 90% of all breast cancer patients receive adjuvant radiotherapy, given after breast conserving surgery as well as after mastectomy to avoid recurrence of cancer. Darby et al (2011) found in their meta-analysis study that RT after breast conserving surgery reduces 15-year risk of breast cancer death rate from 252%. This widely used therapy has its perspective effects like other cancer treatments it is also potential for causing great physical as well as psychosocial problems as other cancer treatment do (Egestad, 2013).Physical problems related to radiation therapy for breast cancer patientsRadiation therapy affects cancer and normal cells equally within the treated area, result in injuryof the cells which lead to side effects. The radiation therapy induced side effects include skin and mucous mem brane toxicities, sleeplessness, pain, swelling, dyspnoea, cough and nausea. (Rose, 2011 Darby et al, 2011 Adams, 2009Currie Wheat 2006 Gordils-Perez,Duell,2003).Skin problems are the most frequent side effect among all and nearly 85%95% of patients receiving radiation therapy will develop some degree of skin damage (Bergstrom, 2011). There are many long term side effects of breast irradiation like cosmetic changes hyper pigmentation, fibrosis, lymphedema, and damage to underlying normal structures (Perez,Duell,2003). Therefore it is very important to remedy this problem because this side effect of radiation therapy limits the patients ability to tolerate the treatment (Currie,Wheat, 2006).In their study Potthoff et al (20013) . describe that 80% of the patients experience fatiguewho receive RT. They defined fatigue is a persistent, subjective sand of tiredness related to cancer or cancer treatment that interferes with usual functioning and that is usually not relieved with rest an d is not related to an luxuriant amount of activity (p.3).In another qualitative study Poirier, (2011) found out that fatigue is also very common in patient getting radiation therapy and it affects their role functioning in daily life. In this way the fatigue may affect the quality of life of the patient. Another side effect of RT is reported in of the studies is sleep disturbance. According to the study conducted by Dhruva, et al (2012).approximately 50% breast cancer patients reported sleep disturbance at the initiation of radiation therapy.Quality of life of the patientsBreast cancer due to its poor prognosis and treatment related problems affect the quality of life of the patient. Kirchheiner et al. (2013) reported that mean QOL in the total cohort is 5827% (100% indicates excellent QOL) (p.425). Similar to other treatment choice RT related side effects also have impact on the quality of life of the patient. The quality of life is defined by WHO (1997) concept affected in compl ex way by the persons health, psychological state, and level of independence (p.1). As the National Cancer Institute (2011). Mentioned that 38% of all women diagnosed with breast cancer experience abandoned types resulting from the disease and its treatment. Therefore, the side effects of RT affect the quality of life of the patient (Currie, Wheat, 2006). In addition, sleep disturbance is another problem found to be an important contributor in affecting the quality of life of the patient. In this connection, a study conducted by Graydon (1994) highlighted that sleep disturbance and fatigues were the main areas of the life of women affected by RT. Since the fatigue, regularise the physical, cognitive and emotional aspects and the prevalence ranges from 30-70% in women with breast cancer, reaching up to 80% when they are undergoing radiotherapy (Alcantara-Silva, Freitas-Junior, Freitas, Machado, 2013). This is one of the most frequent side effects of radiotherapy, and it may inter fere with self-esteem, social activities and quality of life.Moreover, the fatigue and pain related to radiation therapy may affect the sexuality of the patient by decreasing the want and arousal and skin changes including burns and tattoos affecting body image and self-esteem (Varela, Zhou, Bober, 2013 Mercadante Vitrano Catania , 2010). These symptoms lead to compromised quality of life of the patient. In this regard nurses need to give the high quality care by addressing the all aspect of patient life to enhance the QOL of their patients undergoing RT. Moreover, with the advancement of health science the patients expectquality oflife (QOL) beyond just survivaltherapy mental problemsThe women diagnosed with breast cancer have remarkable impact on her psychological well being. As Halkett , Kristjanson , and Lobb (2008) highlighted that women with breast cancer receiving radiotherapy, experience many kinds of business organisations like fear of unknown and getting burnt, damage to internal body parts, and anticipating tiredness. These kinds of fears may threaten the women which may have negative impact on compliance with the treatment. Rose, (2011) highlighted that patient may feel high level of stress at the start RT because of unfamiliar technology, potential side effects and being in an environment with other cancer patients.Moreover, the outcome of the study of Reyes-Gibby et al. (2012) shown that depression among women was positively associated with symptoms of disease and treatment. Thus the diagnosis and treatment can have a profound influence on a womans psychosocial and overall well-being.Role of nurse in RT patients care and educationThe above mentioned literature suggests that patients who receive radiation therapy face significant challenges and require care during the period of their treatment. Nurses are direct care provider in any health care setting. They play a significant role in their specialized field in various health care settings. Th erefore, they can play a significant role in up(p) quality of life of the cancer treatment recipients. During the RT course, patients may go through many complex physical and/or emotional responses (Rose, 2011). A randomized rill study conducted by Christman, Cain, (2004) concluded that patients receiving concrete objective information reported maintaining higher levels of usual function than those not receiving. Furthermore, giving information about symptom experiences helped them to mentally prepare uncertainty about their symptom experiences. Oncology nurses need to own the responsibility of their patient and identify the patient need. The Meta analytical findings support the usefulness ofpsychosocial interventions for up QoL in adult cancer patients.In this regard a comprehensive nursing care of the patient can improve the physical as well as psychological care of the patients.Importance of Patient educationProviding cancer patients with appropriate information regarding thei r treatments, side effects of treatment and coping strategies allows them to feel more control over disease and its related problems. It helps them make better choices of treatment modalities ( Barnett, et al. 2004). The study findings of Zeguers et al (1012) highlighted that now the RT patients want comprehensive information about their disease, treatment, and procedures, side effects, and prognosis with the mean scores between 4.1 and 4.4 on a scale from 1 to 5. In contrast ,Barnett, et al. (2004). Emphasized that information needs vary among different individual therefore, a patient-centred approach must involve according to the tolerance and need of the patient.ReferenceAdams, L. (2009). Managing Side Effects inRadiation Therapy Patients.Radiation therapist, 18(2)Alcantara-Silva, T. R.1., Freitas-Junior, R., Freitas, N. M., Machado, G.D. (2013) Fatigue related to radiotherapy for breast and/or gynaecological cancer a systematic review. Journal of Clinical Nurse. 22(19-20). 2679 -86.Christman, N. J., Cain, L. B. (2004)The Effects of Concrete Objective Information and Relaxation on Maintaining Usual activity During Radiation Therapy. Oncology nursing forum 31( 2) 39-44Currie G, Wheat J.(2006) Wheatgrass extract as a topical skin agent for acute radiation skin perniciousness in breast radiation therapy. Joumal of the Australian Traditional-Medicine Society12(l)711.Gilani, S. Kamal, A. S. Akhter, G. M., Kamal, A. S. Akhter, S., Akhter, A. S. (2003). A differential study of breast cancer patients in Punjab, Pakistan.Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 53(10), 1-3.Graydon, J. E. (1994). Women with breast cancer their quality of life following a course of radiation therapy. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(4), 617-622.Guo, Z., Tang, H., Li, H., Tan, S., Feng, K., Huang, Y., Bu, Q., Jiang, W. (2013). The benefits of psychosocial interventions for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11(121), 1-12.doi http//www.hqlo.c om/content/11/1/121Dhruva, A., Paul, S. M., Cooper, B. A., Lee, K., West, C., Aouizerat, B. E., Dunn, L. B., Swift, P. S., Wara, W., Miaskowski, C., (2012). A Longitudinal Study of Measures of Objective and Subjective Sleep Disturbance in Patients with Breast Cancer Before, During, and After Radiation Therapy.Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 44(2)Darby, S., McGale, P., Correa, C., Taylor, C., Arriagada, R., Clarke, M., Cutter, D.,Davies, C., Ewertz, M., Godwin, J., Gray, R., Pierce, L., Whelan, T., Wang, Y., Peto, R. (2011). Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-yearrecurrence and 15-year breast cancer death meta-analysis of individualpatient data for 10,801 women in 17 randomised trials. Lancet 378170716.Reyes-Gibby, C. C., Anderson, K. O., Morrow, P. K., Shete, S., Hassan, S. (2012). Depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in breast cancer survivors.JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH, 21(3), 1-9.Njeh, C. F., Saunders, M. W., Langton, C. M. (201 2). Accelerated partial breast irradiation using external beam conformal radiation therapy A review. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 81, 1-20.National Cancer Institute. (2011). Surveillance Epidemiology and EndResults (SEER) stat fact sheets Breast. Retrieved fromhttp//seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.htmlPotthoff, K., Schmidt, M. E, Wiskemann, J., Hof, H., Klassen, O., Habermann, N., Beckhove, P.,Debus1,J. Ulrich, C. M.Steindorf, K. (2013). Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of progressive resistance training compared to progressive muscle relaxation in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy.Bio Medical CentralCancer 13(1),162. 2- 11ShaukatKhanum Memorial Cancer Hospital Research Centre Breast cancer awareness month. Retrieved on February, 10th 2014 from http//www.shaukatkhanum.org.pk/news-a-events/events/228.htmlRadvansky, L.J., Pace, M.B., Siddiqui, A., (2013)Prevention and management of radiation- induced dermatitis, mucositis, an d xerostomia. American Journal of Health System Pharm. 70(12)1025-1032.Rose, P. (2011). The experience of receiving radiation therapy.Australian Journal of Cancer Nursing.12 (1)Poirier, P (2011) The Impact of Fatigue on Role mathematical process During Radiation Therapy Oncology Nursing Forum38, (4)Gordils-Perez, J., Duell, R. W.(2003)Advances in Radiation Treatmentof Patients With Breast Cancer.clinical journal of oncology nursing7( 6 ) 629-638Spoletini, I., Gianni, W., Repetto, L., Bria, P., Caltagirone, C., Bossu, P., Spalletta, G. (2008). Depression and cancer An unexplored and unresolved emergent issue in venerable patients.Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 65 143155Pink Ribbon Pakistan. Retrieved from http//www.pinkribbon.org.pk/?p=377Varela, V. S., Zhou, E. S., Bober, S. L., (2013).Management of sexual problems in cancer patients and survivors.CurrProbl Cancer 3719352Wells, M. (1998) Whats so special about radiotherapy nursing? European Journal of Oncology Nursing 2 ( 3) 162-168World Health Organization The International Agency for Research on Cancer, (2013)Press Release Latest world cancer statistics. Retrieved on February, 10th 2014 fromhttp//www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2013/pdfs/pr223_E.pdfWHO (2014) Media Centre Cancer Fact sheet. Retrieved on February 14, 2014 from http//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/

Physics of Rainbows :: physics rainbow weather

Imagine a sky full of dark fluffy clouds. The air feels wet and sticky, and rain drops begin to fall. Soon the drops become a sheet of rain and this makes you sad because your outdoor fun is over. But, just as you turn your back to go inside, you feel the sun break through the clouds and agile your back. A smile fills your face because you realize that rain plus sun equals a rainbow. You turn around to see a glorious rainbow in the sky. As you gaze, questions begin to pop into your head. What be rainbows? Who atomic number 18 some scientists that studied them? What makes the colors? Why is there a double bow? So what are rainbows? It force be easier to start with what they arent by clarifying some common myths about them. * There is an shutdown to the rainbow. -- This is not true. A rainbow is relative to the observers position. Because of this, as an observer moves, so does the rainbow. This means that the end moves as well, and can never be found. Also once the sun has disappeared or the observer turns to face the sun, the rainbow disappears. * There is a tush of gold waiting for me at the end. -- For the resaons stated above, there is no end. Because there is no end, well...there is no gold. Sorry * Rainbows are real physical tangible things.-- Rainbows are optical illusions. They are something that a person can see, but are not something that a person can really touch. If Rainbows arent real...and there is so end to them...and therefor no gold....so what is a rainbow if its not a magical gold giving wonder? * According to Websters Dictionary A rainbow is an arc containing the colors of the spectrum organize in the sky by the refraction, reflection, and dispersion of light in rain or fog. * Rainbows are an optical illusion. -- As stated before, they are an illusion and are dependent on the observers point of view. When it starts to rain and an observer has his back to the sun, refraction, reflection, and dispersion occurs an d a rainbow is most likely to be seen.

Red Plaid Shirt Essay -- essays research papers

Red Plaid ShirtWhere be the memories of our pasts held? In scrapbooks full of photographs, or perhaps written on the pages of a locked diary? Picture though, something as simple and ordinary as a closet full of clothes. Think about its contents, where they have been worn, what they have been through, the stories link to separately item. The nameless protagonist of Diane Schoemperlens short story Red Plaid Shirt does this as she recalls a snippet of her past life with each article of clothing she picks up. Red plaid shirt, blue sweatshirt, br protest cashmere sweater, yellow evening gown, black leather jacketeach item has a chronicle of its very own, and when combined they reveal the full story of the main characters life.This story is fairly unique, as it is made up of several little tales. It starts off simply enough, as the main character fondly recalls a red plaid shirt that her mother bought for her one summer. Schoemperlen further builds up the bandage as the main charact er discloses every detail that she can remember about the shirt, as well as many other articles of clothing. These details are gradually strung together into the sometimes unfortunate memories that form the story line. The reader cannot help but become involved in the story, for it is such a personal account of the protagonists life. Many of the readers have probably felt the same way about a few select articles of their own clothing, and attached the...

Survey of Education Essay -- College University Education Essays

Survey of EducationA formal education is a very valu satisfactory tool in todays society. But wherefore is it important, and what exactly makes up an education? I pull up stakes attempt to rationalise these question through a variety of ways. As a current University student, I know what my education and college experience means to me, but I alike want to know what other students conceive the purpose of an education is. I will investigate what exactly students learn and deplete lettered at the Uof A. past I will contrast the thought of traditional and non-traditional students. First to place an holy picture of the thoughts of UofA students, I had to choose a variety of students. They included twain male and female, traditional and non-traditional students. I composed a poll which asked seven questions. each(prenominal) question was asked on an individual level, and I expected those polled to be able to only answer for themselves. My questions read as followed 1. Why are you in college and, in particular, at the Uof A? 2. What is you definition of the word education? 3. Do you think you earn an education, receive it, labor oer it, or achieve it? 4. What will you get push through of your University education? 5. Do you think you needed the college experience as opposed to going straight into the real world? 6. What have you really learned while youve been here? 7. What are the benefits of a University education? Now I will first attempt to answer my own questions. Firstly, I am in the University because I think a degree will be essential for the work level which I want to enter. I also have been strongly influenced by my parents in the decision of coming to college. My father has c... ...ey didnt have a chance to learn earlier. Many non-traditional students have to really struggle over going back to school because they must make time out of their established life. Traditional students can learn a lot from older students. Usually, younger students complain when they have non-traditional students in their clear upes. This is because the older students tend to ask many another(prenominal) questions and really want to understand something before they move on. They are in crime syndicate because they want to be. Younger kids shouldnt get frustrated in class when people ask questions and want to learn more about a subject. We, preferably should realize that one day we will look back and get together you important college was and what an opportunity we had. Traditional students need to take seriously and understand this could be the only time in our lives when we have an opportunity to learn. Survey of Education Essay -- College University Education EssaysSurvey of EducationA formal education is a very valuable tool in todays society. But why is it important, and what exactly makes up an education? I will attempt to explain these question through a variety of ways. As a current University student, I know what my education and college experience means to me, but I also want to know what other students think the purpose of an education is. I will investigate what exactly students learn and have learned at the Uof A. Then I will contrast the thought of traditional and non-traditional students. First to get an accurate picture of the thoughts of UofA students, I had to choose a variety of students. They included both male and female, traditional and non-traditional students. I composed a poll which asked seven questions. Each question was asked on an individual level, and I expected those polled to be able to only answer for themselves. My questions read as followed 1. Why are you in college and, in particular, at the Uof A? 2. What is you definition of the word education? 3. Do you think you earn an education, receive it, labor over it, or achieve it? 4. What will you get out of your University education? 5. Do you think you needed the college experience as opposed to going straight into the real world? 6. What have you really learned while youve been here? 7. What are the benefits of a University education? Now I will first attempt to answer my own questions. Firstly, I am in the University because I think a degree will be essential for the work level which I want to enter. I also have been strongly influenced by my parents in the decision of coming to college. My father has c... ...ey didnt have a chance to learn earlier. Many non-traditional students have to really struggle over going back to school because they must make time out of their established life. Traditional students can learn a lot from older students. Usually, younger students complain when they have non-traditional students in their classes. This is because the older students tend to ask many questions and really want to understand something before they mov e on. They are in class because they want to be. Younger kids shouldnt get frustrated in class when people ask questions and want to learn more about a subject. We, instead should realize that one day we will look back and see you important college was and what an opportunity we had. Traditional students need to take seriously and understand this could be the only time in our lives when we have an opportunity to learn.

Work Reform Essay -- Business Management

Work rejuvenate, as interpreted by the employer, is a modern concept that has at its core increases in efficiency and effectiveness and a capacity and stable lastforce. Work reforms are a means to an end the end being increases in efficiency, production, and profits in a volatile global market. Depending on which method is used, the goals are to motivate their workers to gain their compliance. By paying more attention to a workers values, attitudes, and psychological needs, etc. a company can coiffe the foundation for a more militant workforce and perhaps circumvent unionization. A company can try to create a corporate family, for example, via a corporate culture to try to facilitate this type of reform. The implementation of a corporate culture is an attempt to get workers to buy in to the firms overall goals (Krahn, Lowe, Hughes, 2011 p. 244-248). Key themes include workers as human beings, organizational cultures, constant adaptation, co-operation, creativity, flexibility , work teams, doing more with less, continuous learning, flatter organizational structures, customer-service, and participative management, etc. The goals and motivations for work reform as it pertains to a workforce differ from those of firms. Workers see changes such as enhanced on the job decision-making, increased autonomy, a decrease in monotonic and arduous tasks, and more input into large company decisions(that will ultimately affect them) as positive. Other changes that workers would embrace are pay increases and the addition of family intimate work policies such as more free time, and on-site daycare. Since a number of large manufacturing and service firms are unionized, a motivation and goal for work reform, in this respect, would be for a co... ...enough research on it. Some drawbacks are less employment security, a loss of pay due to the profit-sharing model, and there is induction of some firms engaging in downsizing and layoffs who have adopted HPW. There is a lso evidence that implementation of HPW systems in lower-tier service jobs results in negligible differences in any of the above categories. Only in the upper-tier services can more of the benefits of this model be had, which unfortunately leads to potentially greater market segmentation (Krahn, Lowe, Hughes, 2011 p. 267-268). works CitedKrahn, Lowe, Hughes (2008) Work, Industry, & Canadian Society. (5th ed.) Toronto, ON Nelson Education Ltd.Critoph, U (2010) Sociology 321 Study Guide. (Revised edition). Athabasca, AB Athabasca UniversityAthabasca University (2010) Sociology 321 Reading File. Athabasca, AB Athabasca University

Dionysius I of Syracuse Essay -- History, Dionysius

Dionysius I of Syracuse garnered a reputation as a warmongering tyrant who harmed his people with his despotic regime. However many give-up the ghost sources that explore his formula were written by people who were ideologically opposed to perceived tyrants. It is therefore quite possible that aspects of Dionysius rule where left out or exaggerated to suit the authors anti-tyrannical agenda. It is the intention of this paper to argue that Dionysius rule did in fact benefit Syracuse more than he harmed it during his life snip. His municipal and foreign affairs will be explored in order to show how he in fact benefitted the Syracusan state as well as the mass of its people. It will however also be argued that his legacy did harm the Syracusan state but that overall Dionysius rule was beneficial in his lifetime.Sources tend to portray Dionysius rule in a negative light and seemingly avoid the latter part of his reign. L. Pearson suggested that the reason for this was because P hilistus was in bear at the time (since many sources desire on him for a firsthand account) convey there was a lack of information. Diodorus provides the most compressive surviving work of Dionysius rule but follows the anti-tyrannical tradition. According to Diodorus, Dionysius came to power by discrediting the military leaders in order to have him appointed general with supreme power by the assembly (Diodorus 13.91-2, 95). Dionysius was now able to do whatever was necessary to win the war giving him virtually limitless power over the state. He also convinced the assembly to recall Syracusan who were in exile to help aid in the war, providing Dionysius with plenty of new supporters among the returning people (Diodorus 13.92). He then gained a bodyguard o... ...le benefited from his rule. The rulers building projects and preparations for war created many jobs that would last a number of years. Stabile employment was found by many people and projects such as the fortified wall saved them from a perfidious siege. Dionysius large army helped to protect the state as well as expand its influence in both Sicily and Italy. As time went on the oppressive aspects of Dionysius reign ebbed away as he sought to improve his image in order to gain powerful allies. This eventually bore fruit meaning Dionysus was able to elevate Syracuse to an international level. However his legacy was harmful to Syracuse as it led to the suffering of its people and the weakening of the state. During his life time however Dionysius did benefit Syracuse became it was ultimately left it in a better position than it was before he came to power.